How Vessi Sells Waterproof Shoes

Ray Hua is the director of ecommerce at Vessi, a Canada-based direct-to-consumer seller of waterproof sneakers. The brand launched in 2017 after its founders developed and patented breathable fabric that repels water. Ray joined the company in 2021.

In our recent conversation, he shared the challenges of targeting the right audience, cross-border selling, diversifying, and more.

Our entire audio is embedded below. The transcript is edited for length and clarity.

Eric Bandholz: Give us a quick rundown of who you are and what you do.

Ray Hua: I’m the director of ecommerce at Vessi, a direct-to-consumer waterproof sneaker brand. I oversee strategies for site experiences, performance, merchandising, and lifecycle marketing. It’s been with the company for about five years.

Vessie launched nine years ago. Our founders developed and patented a lightweight, waterproof, and breathable fabric called Dyma-tex. People assume waterproof means it is not breathable. But our product is comfortable and looks like a regular sneaker.

During the pandemic, we gifted our product to healthcare workers. We received a lot of positive feedback from other communities, so we collaborated with niche networks to offer our products at a discount.

We’ve hired a lot of paid influencers in categories where folks are on their feet all day. We have tiers of influencers. Some have dedicated landing pages; others are for getting our name out.

We invest heavily in Meta for customer acquisition. We’re looking to diversify into Google and TikTok Shop. We’ve advertised on TikTok and even Reddit. Both drove a lot of traffic, but the quality was not very high. We couldn’t easily attribute revenue coming from those channels.

Bandholz: Vessi now sells apparel.

Hua: It’s more of an experiment in response to feedback in our customer surveys. Many mentioned expanding into apparel, socks, and accessories. They like our technology and want items that are fashionable and functional.

So we’re testing those categories for additional revenue. It hasn’t been smooth. We developed apparel that performed poorly and diverted resources from our footwear line.

Still, it was a good experiment and demonstrated the steep learning curve for a category we are not familiar with.

Bandholz: Vessi has warehouses in Canada and the U.S. Do you market differently to consumers in those countries?

Hua: Yes, we use different ads for each market. People in Canada know our brand. Our messaging to them is typically announcements about dropping new colors or limited editions.

We’re not as prominent in the U.S. Our ads there introduce the brand and explain the product’s benefits. Seattle is probably our best region in the U.S. It’s close to Vancouver and gets a lot of rain. We’re also strong in Florida, however, which is both sunny and rainy.

Bandholz: Does AI influence your marketing efforts?

Hua: We’re using AI tools mostly for operations. For example, we use AI to identify influencers aligned with our interests.

We’ve dabbled in AI to produce ad copy. We haven’t gone into AI-generated images or videos, mainly because we have strict brand guidelines.

Bandholz: Where can people find you, support you, buy your products?

Hua: Check out our products at Vessi.com. I’m on LinkedIn.

From Teacher to Fashion Brand Founder

In 2019 Nasrin Jafari was a middle school teacher in New York City. She had no ecommerce experience but was drawn to creating and building, which led her to sew and sell face masks during Covid.

Fast forward to 2026, and Mixed, her direct-to-consumer fashion brand, designs and produces female apparel and accessories. Referring to the company’s launch, she told me, “I had no idea how to make clothes.”

She does now, impressively, with multiple manufacturers, a thriving community, staff, and eager customers. She shared her story in our recent conversation.

Our entire audio is embedded below. The transcript is edited for length and clarity.

Eric Bandholz: What do you do?

Nasrin Jafari: I’m the founder and designer of Mixed, a fashion brand based in Brooklyn. Before Mixed, I was a middle school history and English teacher with no background in ecommerce. During the pandemic, I began sewing face masks by hand and posting them on Instagram. That was the first physical product I had sold. That experiment evolved into a full apparel brand.

It all began with Instagram posts, not Etsy or marketplaces. I didn’t understand Meta ads or ecommerce marketing. I’ve learned those pieces as the business grew.

Creativity has always been part of my life. I painted and took art electives growing up, and I was a competitive dancer in high school. Yet I’ve always been drawn to business and building things. In college, those interests merged into a desire to build something meaningful. I thought that might be as a school teacher.

In many ways, building a brand is similar to teaching. You’re creating a vision, culture, and community around shared values. Mixed reflects my identity — I’m Japanese, Iranian, and American. The brand name captures that blend of influences and the balance between creativity and operating a business.

Bandholz: Fashion seems highly competitive.

Jafari: I started the business out of curiosity. I had no idea what I was getting into. Would I choose to go into apparel again? Probably not, although there’s a side of it I love.

I learned by doing. Inventory is really tricky. I was afraid of overordering inventory and ending up with dead stock. That’s why we launched a pre-order model. We now do a lot of pre-orders, which helps our cash flow, but I didn’t start it for that reason. It was because I was out of stock. Then I realized that the model is great for business.

Another thing is returns, which are a big part of online apparel. We have to acquire customers in a way that accounts for returns. I didn’t understand that initially. Again, it comes down to learning by doing.

Bandholz: You design your apparel. Where is it manufactured?

Jafari: I was looking for factories during Covid. Many of them had excess capacity. I found a factory in India whose owner was based here in New York. So that was an in-person element to build trust and a relationship. He was willing to work with us with no minimum order quantities.

His cost was higher than, say, Los Angeles-based manufacturers, but we still maintained a 75% margin. Our average order is about $228.

We’ve since scaled and can order larger quantities. We’ve added factories with lower costs.

I found the India factory by googling. After that, it was recommendations from friends in the industry, which I prefer. They worked with them, vetted them, and liked them.

Bandholz: What is your production and design process?

Jafari: I had no idea how to make clothes. I literally went to JoAnn Fabrics and tried to follow the pattern. I realized quickly I wasn’t good at it, and it was going to take time. I had connected with a home sewer on Instagram. She seemed to love our brand but had not worked in a commercial capacity. I asked her to make our initial samples. She was thrilled. She made the initial samples, one of which remains our best-selling product.

Now I’m at a point where the factory does a lot of that. I send sketches with very minimal specs, and they can figure it out.

Selling true bespoke garments requires a dedicated designer, either in-house or outsourced. But factories with extensive garment experience can usually handle simpler items.

I design on an iPad with a stylus using Procreate.

Bandholz: I’ve seen your new-arrival ads on Instagram and Facebook. You seem to have a blueprint that is working.

Jafari: Yes, all our advertising has been on Meta. No Google or TikTok.

We have a couple of ad formats. It’s like a flywheel, as we continue to scale. We find the models, then shoot the videos in-house. Then we edit in the Philippines, and create and upload new ads to Meta.

My first successful ad came from an outing with a girlfriend. I was wearing one of my jumpsuits. I asked her to shoot me with a couple of angles, nothing fancy. It showed my outfit in an urban setting. The ad worked. We repeated the concept.

Bandholz: Are you handling your own fulfillment?

Jafari: Yes. Part of the initial rationale was returns, and part was our low volume. Plus, our pre-order model meant we were receiving inventory constantly. Getting it to an outsourced fulfillment provider added an extra step and delayed delivery to our customer.

Bandholz: How do you ensure your products resonate with would-be customers?

Jafari: When we design a piece, I’m always thinking about the customer — who she is, what she wants, and what we’ve already given her. The goal is to create what she needs next. My personal taste influences the brand, but I try not to be overly subjective about design decisions. Ultimately, customer response and sales tell us what works.

We also gather feedback from our community. We host discussions in our Circle community platform where customers comment on fabric designs, share preferences, and discuss products. That feedback, along with replies to my weekly newsletter and in-person events, provides valuable qualitative insight.

Our target customer is a 35- to 65-year-old woman who values creativity, independence, and self-expression— and wants clothing to reflect that.

Bandholz: Where can people buy your clothes, support you, follow you?

Jafari: Our site is MixedByNasrin.com. I’m on LinkedIn.

Ecomm Cowboy Talks AI and Underdogs

Chris Hall is an ecommerce entrepreneur turned media operator. His new “Ecomm Cowboy” show broadcasts live Monday through Friday on X and YouTube. The mission, he says, is twofold: deliver daily news to sellers and offer companionship to those working alone.

Chris first appeared on the podcast in 2023 as the marketing head of a D2C brand. In this our latest conversation, he addresses his goals for Ecomm Cowboy, production challenges, and, yes, the power of AI tools for one-person brands.

Our entire audio is embedded below. The transcript is edited for length and clarity.

Eric Bandholz: Who are you and what do you do?

Chris Hall: I’m the founder of Ecomm Cowboy, a startup media company broadcasting live Monday through Friday on X and YouTube. We talk about the current and future state of ecommerce so operators can survive and thrive. I launched the show about a month ago.

I stumbled into ecommerce in 2014. I created one of the first subscription coffee brands on the internet.

After that, I worked for a marketing agency and then with Bruce Bolt, the D2C athletic glove company.

Bandholz: What are your goals for Ecomm Cowboy?

Hall: I’ve contemplated the concept for years, with two missions.

First, ecommerce owners are on the bleeding edge of the ever-changing internet. We cover the top news stories, retail developments, direct-to-consumer topics, artificial intelligence — anything related to selling online.

Second, working from a laptop at home is common in the ecommerce industry, but it’s intensely lonely. For many, it’s a dreadful experience. So I hope Ecomm Cowboy is also a place where people can have a companion of sorts and interact.

Bandholz: A daily show with guests is a lot of work.

Hall: Yes, it is. We usually have one guest, but sometimes it’s two. Each show runs an hour. I hope to extend it eventually to two hours.

I prepare for three to four hours each day, covering everything that’s happened, who’s appearing, and what to discuss. Plus events occur in real time that alter the plan.

After each show,  there’s editing, cutting, and posting to make the most of the content. So it’s a lot of energy and time, but I love it.

I thrive on the pressure. There’s much to do every day before noon Central time, when the show goes live.

It brings me back to my time playing football at the University of Texas, where every practice I had to be ready to battle,  mentally and physically. A part of me still welcomes the challenge. I wake up excited every day because of it.

Bandholz: What’s the state of ecommerce?

Hall: AI tools are jaw-dropping. Six months ago, we were laughing at them, but no more. AI can now perform tasks such as ad creation, empowering what I call a one-person brand.

Sean Frank of Ridge, the wallet maker, calls it Ecommerce 4.0. It’s an opportunity for underdogs. One person, harnessing today’s tools, can do what took an entire team five years ago.

A good example is Kive, an AI tool that generates product specs directly within the image. A recent guest, Bart Szaniewski from Dad Gang, a D2C hat seller, described the tool. He uses the images on his Instagram feed.

Bandholz: If you can’t communicate in today’s world, you will be left behind.

Hall: That’s fair. The most adept operators are communicating (in ways I have yet to take advantage of) using AI tools that produce a voice, a video, a copywriting style.

I see two routes going forward. There’s the anti-AI bet. The best way to be anti-AI and build trust is to be live and in person. Be an actual human who’s making mistakes and producing something good enough that people will come back.

The second route is to stay at the forefront of AI technology and become expert on the tools and methods. If you can win visitors in a way that doesn’t deceive them, there’s a way to enrich yourself.

On a recent show, we touched on an app called DramaBox. It produces AI-generated TikTok-style mini dramas. Each episode is literally one minute long. I’m told the business is booming from selling access to the shows. Viewers download the app, pay, and then consume the content.

To me, it’s horrible for humanity, although I use an AI-powered video maker from ByteDance called Seedance 2.0. A number of popular videos use Seedance, such as Ethan Hunt from Mission Impossible.

Many observers say Hollywood is obsolete, a step behind. I don’t know about that. But what I do know is that the capabilities are better than ever.

And now it’s up to us. How can we use the tools to improve what we talk about or solve a problem for them?

Bandholz: Where can listeners watch your show, follow you, or get in touch?

Hall: The show “Ecomm Cowboy” on X and YouTube. I’m also on X or LinkedIn.

Dispatch from Davos: hot air, big egos and cold flexes

This story first appeared in The Debrief, our subscriber-only newsletter about the biggest news in tech by Mat Honan, Editor in Chief. Subscribe to read the next edition as soon as it lands.

It’s supposed to be frigid in Davos this time of year. Part of the charm is seeing the world’s elite tromp through the streets in respectable suits and snow boots. But this year it’s positively balmy, with highs in the mid 30s, or a little over 1°C. The current conditions when I flew out of New York were colder, and definitely snowier. I’m told this is due to something called a föhn, a dry warm wind that’s been blowing across the Alps. 

I’m no meteorologist, but it’s true that there is a lot of hot air here. 

On Wednesday, President Donald Trump arrived in Davos to address the assembly, and held forth for more than 90 minutes, weaving his way through remarks about the economy, Greenland, windmills, Switzerland, Rolexes, Venezuela, and drug prices. It was a talk lousy with gripes, grievances and outright falsehoods. 

One small example: Trump made a big deal of claiming that China, despite being the world leader in manufacturing windmill componentry, doesn’t actually use them for energy generation itself. In fact, it is the world leader in generation, as well. 

I did not get to watch this spectacle from the room itself. Sad! 

By the time I got to the Congress Hall where the address was taking place, there was already a massive scrum of people jostling to get in. 

I had just wrapped up moderating a panel on “the intelligent co-worker,” ie: AI agents in the workplace. I was really excited for this one as the speakers represented a diverse cross-section of the AI ecosystem. Christoph Schweizer, CEO of BCG had the macro strategic view; Enrique Lores, HP CEO, could speak to both hardware and large enterprises, Workera CEO Kian Katanforoosh has the inside view on workforce training and transformation, Manjul Shah CEO of Hippocratic AI addressed working in the high stakes field of healthcare, and Kate Kallot CEO of Amini AI gave perspective on the global south and Africa in particular. 

Interestingly, most of the panel shied away from using the term co-worker, and some even rejected the term agent. But the view they painted was definitely one of humans working alongside AI and augmenting what’s possible. Shah, for example, talked about having agents call 16,000 people in Texas during a heat wave to perform a health and safety check. It was a great discussion. You can watch the whole thing here

But by the time it let out, the push of people outside the Congress Hall was already too thick for me to get in. In fact I couldn’t even get into a nearby overflow room. I did make it into a third overflow room, but getting in meant navigating my way through a mass of people, so jammed in tight together that it reminded me of being at a Turnstile concert. 

The speech blew way past its allotted time, and I had to step out early to get to yet another discussion. Walking through the halls while Trump spoke was a truly surreal experience. He had truly captured the attention of the gathered global elite. I don’t think I saw a single person not starting at a laptop, or phone or iPad, all watching the same video. 

Trump is speaking again on Thursday in a previously unscheduled address to announce his Board of Peace. As is (I heard) Elon Musk. So it’s shaping up to be another big day for elite attention capture. 

I should say, though, there are elites, and then there are elites. And there are all sorts of ways of sorting out who is who. Your badge color is one of them. I have a white participant badge, because I was moderating panels. This gets you in pretty much anywhere and therefore is its own sort of status symbol. Where you are staying is another. I’m in Klosters, a neighboring town that’s a 40 minute train ride away from the Congress Centre. Not so elite. 

There are more subtle ways of status sorting, too. Yesterday I learned that when people ask if this is your first time at Davos, it’s sometimes meant as a way of trying to figure out how important you are. If you’re any kind of big deal, you’ve probably been coming for years. 

But the best one I’ve yet encountered happened when I made small talk with the woman sitting next to me as I changed back into my snow boots. It turned out that, like me, she lived in California–at least part time. “But I don’t think I’ll stay there much longer,” she said, “due to the new tax law.” This was just an ice cold flex. 

Because California’s newly proposed tax legislation? It only targets billionaires. 

Welcome to Davos.

All anyone wants to talk about at Davos is AI and Donald Trump

This story first appeared in The Debrief, our subscriber-only newsletter about the biggest news in tech by Mat Honan, Editor in Chief. Subscribe to read the next edition as soon as it lands.

Hello from the World Economic Forum annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland. I’ve been here for two days now, attending meetings, speaking on panels, and basically trying to talk to anyone I can. And as far as I can tell, the only things anyone wants to talk about are AI and Trump. 

Davos is physically defined by the Congress Center, where the official WEF sessions take place, and the Promenade, a street running through the center of the town lined with various “houses”—mostly retailers that are temporarily converted into meeting hubs for various corporate or national sponsors. So there is a Ukraine House, a Brazil House, Saudi House, and yes, a USA House (more on that tomorrow). There are a handful of media houses from the likes of CNBC and the Wall Street Journal. Some houses are devoted to specific topics; for example, there’s one for science and another for AI. 

But like everything else in 2026, the Promenade is dominated by tech companies. At one point I realized that literally everything I could see, in a spot where the road bends a bit, was a tech company house. Palantir, Workday, Infosys, Cloudflare, C3.ai. Maybe this should go without saying, but their presence, both in the houses and on the various stages and parties and platforms here at the World Economic Forum, really drove home to me how utterly and completely tech has captured the global economy. 

While the houses host events and serve as networking hubs, the big show is inside the Congress Center. On Tuesday morning, I kicked off my official Davos experience there by moderating a panel with the CEOs of Accenture, Aramco, Royal Philips, and Visa. The topic was scaling up AI within organizations. All of these leaders represented companies that have gone from pilot projects to large internal implementations. It was, for me, a fascinating conversation. You can watch the whole thing here, but my takeaway was that while there are plenty of stories about AI being overhyped (including from us), it is certainly having substantive effects at large companies.  

Aramco CEO Amin Nasser, for example, described how that company has found $3 billion to $5 billion in cost savings by improving the efficiency of its operations. Royal Philips CEO Roy Jakobs described how it was allowing health-care practitioners to spend more time with patients by doing things such as automated note-taking. (This really resonated with me, as my wife is a pediatrics nurse, and for decades now I’ve heard her talk about how much of her time is devoted to charting.) And Visa CEO Ryan McInerney talked about his company’s push into agentic commerce and the way that will play out for consumers, small businesses, and the global payments industry. 

To elaborate a little on that point, McInerney painted a picture of commerce where agents won’t just shop for things you ask them to, which will be basically step one, but will eventually be able to shop for things based on your preferences and previous spending patterns. This could be your regular grocery shopping, or even a vacation getaway. That’s going to require a lot of trust and authentication to protect both merchants and consumers, but it is clear that the steps into agentic commerce we saw in 2025 were just baby ones. There are much bigger ones coming for 2026. (Coincidentally, I had a discussion with a senior executive from Mastercard on Monday, who made several of the same points.) 

But the thing that really resonated with me from the panel was a comment from Accenture CEO Julie Sweet, who has a view not only of her own large org but across a spectrum of companies: “It’s hard to trust something until you understand it.” 

I felt that neatly summed up where we are as a society with AI. 

Clearly, other people feel the same. Before the official start of the conference I was at AI House for a panel. The place was packed. There was a consistent, massive line to get in, and once inside, I literally had to muscle my way through the crowd. Everyone wanted to get in. Everyone wanted to talk about AI. 

(A quick aside on what I was doing there: I sat on a panel called “Creativity and Identity in the Age of Memes and Deepfakes,” led by Atlantic CEO Nicholas Thompson; it featured the artist Emi Kusano, who works with AI, and Duncan Crabtree-Ireland, the chief negotiator for SAG-AFTRA, who has been at the center of a lot of the debates about AI in the film and gaming industries. I’m not going to spend much time describing it because I’m already running long, but it was a rip-roarer of a panel. Check it out.)

And, okay. Sigh. Donald Trump. 

The president is due here Wednesday, amid threats of seizing Greenland and fears that he’s about to permanently fracture the NATO alliance. While AI is all over the stages, Trump is dominating all the side conversations. There are lots of little jokes. Nervous laughter. Outright anger. Fear in the eyes. It’s wild. 

These conversations are also starting to spill out into the public. Just after my panel on Tuesday, I headed to a pavilion outside the main hall in the Congress Center. I saw someone coming down the stairs with a small entourage, who was suddenly mobbed by cameras and phones. 

Moments earlier in the same spot, the press had been surrounding David Beckham, shouting questions at him. So I was primed for it to be another celebrity—after all, captains of industry were everywhere you looked. I mean, I had just bumped into Eric Schmidt, who was literally standing in line in front of me at the coffee bar. Davos is weird. 

But in fact, it was Gavin Newsom, the governor of California, who is increasingly seen as the leading voice of the Democratic opposition to President Trump, and a likely contender, or even front-runner, in the race to replace him. Because I live in San Francisco I’ve encountered Newsom many times, dating back to his early days as a city supervisor before he was even mayor. I’ve rarely, rarely, seen him quite so worked up as he was on Tuesday. 

Among other things, he called Trump a narcissist who follows “the law of the jungle, the rule of Don” and compared him to a T-Rex, saying, “You mate with him or he devours you.” And he was just as harsh on the world leaders, many of whom are gathered in Davos, calling them “pathetic” and saying he should have brought knee pads for them. 

Yikes.

There was more of this sentiment, if in more measured tones, from Canadian prime minister Mark Carney during his address at Davos. While I missed his remarks, they had people talking. “If we’re not at the table, we’re on the menu,” he argued. 

DIY Approach Fuels Craft Cocktail Brand

Chris Harrison says it all started with a single pot on a stove. He and two high school buddies launched Liber & Co., a manufacturer of premium cocktail syrups, with that tiny test batch in 2011 in Austin, Texas.

Fast forward to 2026, and batches are now in 1,500-gallon tanks and sold worldwide to restaurants, bars, and consumers. But the culture remains hands-on, do-it-yourself, and learn-by-doing.

Chris first appeared on the podcast in 2022. In our recent conversation, he shared the company’s origins, sourcing tactics, growth plans, and more. Our entire audio is embedded below. The transcript is edited for clarity and length.

Eric Bandholz: Who are you, and what do you do?

Chris Harrison: I’m a co-founder of Liber & Co. We make premium non-alcoholic cocktail syrups for bars, restaurants, coffee shops, and home consumers. We’re based in Georgetown, Texas, near Austin, and handle almost everything in-house: manufacturing, warehousing, marketing, ecommerce, wholesale, and even international sales.

Our founding team grew up together in the same small Texas town. We’re the same age, went to the same high school, and came from similar blue-collar backgrounds. We didn’t have a big professional network or capital to outsource everything, so if something needed to be done, we learned to do it ourselves.

We’re also food people. You can’t outsource being a foodie or understanding flavor. Even the best chefs are hands-on in the kitchen, tasting, adjusting, and refining. That mindset shaped Liber & Co. from the beginning. We wanted to be close to the product to understand the ingredients, sourcing, and flavor development firsthand. That do-it-yourself culture became part of our identity.

Bandholz: How did you learn production, moving from a kitchen to a manufacturing facility?

Harrison: It’s a long, incremental journey. We relied on research and trial and error. We started with a small stock pot on a stove, then moved to a 25-gallon pan, then a 200-gallon tank, and now we operate multiple 1,500-gallon tanks.

That gradual progression was critical. You can’t attempt too much without putting the business at risk. If we had jumped straight from a kitchen setup to our current scale, we would have made far more expensive mistakes. Iterating step by step gave us time to understand what worked and what didn’t. There aren’t many shortcuts when you’re building something physical.

Our product category also made things harder. Unlike breweries, which often follow well-established scaling paths, there wasn’t a clear blueprint for cocktail syrups. That meant a lot of independent study, testing equipment, ordering samples, and experimenting with processes. We made mistakes along the way, which were part of the learning curve.

Manufacturing your own product limits capacity. You can’t sell more than you can physically make. There’s no co-manufacturer to absorb demand — you are the bottleneck. That was especially true in the early days.

Early on, we did whatever it took to fulfill orders. I spent 18 hours straight in the kitchen more than once to fill large orders for H-E-B, the grocery chain. It was manual work: long days, minimal breaks, and just pushing through. Thirteen years later, we’re grateful we no longer have to operate that way.

Bandholz: How do you find ingredient suppliers?

Harrison: Most of our sourcing has come from research. That includes a lot of Googling, using ChatGPT and Gemini, and contacting suppliers directly. We typically send a detailed request for proposal outlining who we are, what we need, and our product specifications. Then we ask if they can meet those requirements, provide documentation, and send samples. From there, we test and evaluate.

We cast a wide net geographically. With ginger, for example, we looked at suppliers across Africa, China, Vietnam, and Hawaii before ultimately choosing a Peruvian source. Some leads come from word of mouth. Someone might say, “I saw great ginger in Peru.” I’ll track down the producer through Google or LinkedIn. That actually happened.

It takes persistence. My background is in biology, so I enjoy getting into the weeds, so to speak. We also try to maintain backup suppliers. Fresh produce is unpredictable; pineapple crops suffered globally this year, driving up prices. A frozen backup supply helped smooth costs, but sourcing is never easy or guaranteed.

Bandholz: Is frozen produce better than fresh?

Harrison: In many cases, yes, frozen can be better. Farmers can wait until fruit reaches peak ripeness before harvesting. For something like raspberries, they’ll test sugar content the day of harvest using a refractometer. They literally crush the fruit and measure Brix, the dissolved-sugar level. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration even publishes approved Brix ranges for various fruits, such as peaches, pomegranates, and raspberries.

Farmers aim to hit those targets because that’s where flavor, aroma, and sweetness are best. But it comes from ripening on the vine. Once harvested, the fruit must be used immediately or preserved. Freezing is one of the best ways to lock in that peak quality.

Frozen storage requires capital. Cold storage and refrigerated transportation are expensive, but the tradeoff is consistency and quality. The frozen supply chain has expanded significantly. We’re seeing more investment in large-scale frozen facilities across the country. Even in central Texas, companies are building new frozen warehouses. We use one in North Austin.

If you’re serious about sourcing high-quality food ingredients, the frozen cold chain is often the best option.

Plus, we typically purchase small portions. Large companies such as Smucker’s buy in massive bulk. We like buying from cooperatives of many smaller, independent farms. Certain regions grow crops naturally well. For raspberries, that’s the U.S. Pacific Northwest, parts of Washington and Oregon.

Those regions have family-run farms, often third-generation operations, managing anywhere from 20 to 200 acres. Around them are many similar farms, all growing the same crop in the same climate. That creates a strong network effect: consistent weather, shared knowledge, and reliable quality across the region.

Because these farms remain independent, you avoid some of the downsides of large, consolidated operations. There’s less pressure to cut corners, harvest early, or sacrifice quality to maximize margins. In our experience, the cooperative model prioritizes long-term quality and sustainability.

We might buy one or two truckloads of fruit per year — roughly 40,000 to 80,000 pounds. A cooperative, by contrast, may handle 400 or 500 truckloads in a single harvest. Being a small buyer reduces risk. If we relied on a single farm for everything, we’d be far more vulnerable to supply disruptions.

Bandholz: How do you plan to evolve the brand?

Harrison: We don’t feel limited. We’ve explored packaging formats beyond bottles, which we currently use for syrups. Cans are a natural extension for cocktails, mocktails, or even cannabis beverages. From a formulation, sourcing, and food safety perspective, we could make those products. Packaging is often the most expensive part of goods. It can feel like a constraint, but it’s more about investment and logistics than capability.

At our scale, outsourcing packaging formats is possible. Specialized manufacturers can handle canning at scale. The primary considerations are unit economics and lack of control. That’s a philosophical question as much as a business one.

Overall, we see opportunities to grow both vertically and horizontally. We can deepen what we already do with syrups or expand into new formats, product types, and channels. Brand evolution is more about strategy, resources, and willingness to experiment while maintaining quality and authenticity.

Bandholz: Where can people buy your syrups and get in touch?

Harrison: Our site is LiberAndCompany.com. I’m on LinkedIn.

Data centers are amazing. Everyone hates them.

Behold, the hyperscale data center! 

Massive structures, with thousands of specialized computer chips running in parallel to perform the complex calculations required by advanced AI models. A single facility can cover millions of square feet, built with millions of pounds of steel, aluminum, and concrete; feature hundreds of miles of wiring, connecting some hundreds of thousands of high-end GPU chips, and chewing through hundreds of megawatt-hours of electricity. These facilities run so hot from all that computing power that their cooling systems are triumphs of engineering complexity in themselves. But the star of the show are those chips with their advanced processors. A single chip in these vast arrays can cost upwards of $30,000. Racked together and working in concert, they process hundreds of thousands of tokens—the basic building blocks of an AI model—per second. Ooooomph. 

Given the incredible amounts of capital that the world’s biggest companies have been pouring into building data centers you can make the case (and many people have) that their construction is single-handedly propping up the US stock market and the economy. 

So important are they to our way of life that none other than the President of the United States himself, on his very first full day in office, stood side by side with the CEO of OpenAI to announce a $500 billion private investment in data center construction.

Truly, the hyperscale datacenter is a marvel of our age. A masterstroke of engineering across multiple disciplines. They are nothing short of a technological wonder. 

People hate them. 

People hate them in Virginia, which leads the nation in their construction. They hate them in Nevada, where they slurp up the state’s precious water. They hate them in Michigan, and Arizona, and South Dakota, where the good citizens of Sioux Falls hurled obscenities at their city councilmembers following a vote to permit a data center on the city’s northeastern side. They hate them all around the world, it’s true. But they really hate them in Georgia. 

So, let’s go to Georgia. The purplest of purple states. A state with both woke liberal cities and MAGA magnified suburbs and rural areas. The state of Stacey Abrams and Newt Gingrich. If there is one thing just about everyone there seemingly agrees on, it’s that they’ve had it with data centers. 

Last year, the state’s Public Service Commission election became unexpectedly tight, and wound up delivering a stunning upset to incumbent Republican commissioners. Although there were likely shades of national politics at play (voters favored Democrats in an election cycle where many things went that party’s way), the central issue was skyrocketing power bills. And that power bill inflation was oft-attributed to a data center building boom rivaled only by Virginia’s. 

This boom did not come out of the blue. At one point, Georgia wanted data centers. Or at least, its political leadership did. In 2018 the state’s General Assembly passed legislation that provided data centers with tax breaks for their computer systems and cooling infrastructure, more tax breaks for job creation, and even more tax breaks for property taxes. And then… boom!   

But things have not played out the way the Assembly and other elected officials may have expected. 

Journey with me now to Bolingbroke, Georgia. Not far outside of Atlanta, in Monroe County (population 27,954), county commissioners were considering rezoning 900 acres of land to make room for a new data center near the town of Bolingbroke (population 492). Data centers have been popping up all across the state, but especially in areas close to Atlanta. Public opinion is, often enough, irrelevant. In nearby Twiggs County, despite strong and organized opposition, officials decided to allow a 300-acre data center to move forward. But at a packed meeting to discuss the Bolingbroke plans, some 900 people showed up to voice near unanimous opposition to the proposed data center, according to Macon, Georgia’s The Telegraph. Seeing which way the wind had blown, the Monroe county commission shot it down in August last year. 

The would-be developers of the proposed site had claimed it would bring in millions of dollars for the county. That it would be hidden from view. That it would “uphold the highest environmental standards.” That it would bring jobs and prosperity. Yet still, people came gunning for it. 

Why!? Data centers have been around for years. So why does everyone hate them all of the sudden? 

What is it about these engineering marvels that will allow us to build AI that will cure all diseases, bring unprecedented prosperity, and even cheat death (if you believe what the AI sellers are selling) that so infuriates their prospective neighbors? 

There are some obvious reasons. First is just the speed and scale of their construction, which has had effects on power grids. No one likes to see their power bills go up. The rate hikes that so incensed Georgians come as monthly reminders that the eyesore in your backyard profits California billionaires at your expense, on your grid. In Wyoming, for example, a planned Meta data center will require more electricity than every household in the state, combined. To meet demand for power-hungry data centers, utilities are adding capacity to the grid. But although that added capacity may benefit tech companies, the cost is shared by local consumers

Similarly, there are environmental concerns. To meet their electricity needs, data centers often turn to dirty forms of energy. xAI, for example, famously threw a bunch of polluting methane-powered generators at its data center in Memphis. While nuclear energy is oft-bandied about as a greener solution, traditional plants can take a decade or more to build; even new and more nimble reactors will take years to come online. In addition, data centers often require massive amounts of water. But the amount can vary widely depending on the facility, and is often shrouded in secrecy. (A number of states are attempting to require facilities to disclose water usage.) 

A different type of environmental consequence of data centers is that they are noisy. A low, constant, machine hum. Not just sometimes, but always. 24 hours a day. 365 days a year. “A highway that never stops.” 

And as to the jobs they bring to communities. Well, I have some bad news there too. Once construction ends, they tend to employ very few people, especially for such resource-intensive facilities. 

These are all logical reasons to oppose data centers. But I suspect there is an additional, emotional one. And it echoes one we’ve heard before. 

More than a decade ago, the large tech firms of Silicon Valley began operating buses to ferry workers to their campuses from San Francisco and other Bay Area cities. Like data centers, these buses used shared resources such as public roads without, people felt, paying their fair share. Protests erupted. But while the protests were certainly about shared resource use, they were also about something much bigger. 

Tech companies, big and small, were transforming San Francisco. The early 2010s were a time of rapid gentrification in the city. And what’s more, the tech industry itself was transforming society. Smartphones were newly ubiquitous. The way we interacted with the world was fundamentally changing, and people were, for the most part, powerless to do anything about it. You couldn’t stop Google. 

But you could stop a Google bus. 

You could stand in front of it and block its path. You could yell at the people getting on it. You could yell at your elected officials and tell them to do something. And in San Francisco, people did. The buses were eventually regulated. 

The data center pushback has a similar vibe. AI, we are told, is transforming society. It is suddenly everywhere. Even if you opt not to use ChatGPT or Claude or Gemini, generative AI is  increasingly built into just about every app and service you likely use. People are worried AI will harvest jobs in the coming years. Or even kill us all. And for what? So far, the returns have certainly not lived up to the hype

You can’t stop Google. But maybe, just maybe, you can stop a Google data center. 

Then again, maybe not. The tech buses in San Francisco, though regulated, remain commonplace. And the city is more gentrified than ever. Meanwhile, in Monroe County, life goes on. In October, Google confirmed it had purchased 950 acres of land just off the interstate. It plans to build a data center there. 

Early AI Signals from Holiday Sales

Traffic from various AI sources to ecommerce shops leapt significantly during the 2025 Christmas season, yet still accounted for a tiny share of actual, direct visits.

Adobe reported a record $257.8 billion in U.S. 2025 online sales from November 1 through December 31, up 6.8% from 2024. The data reflects U.S. merchants on the Adobe Analytics platform, which excludes Amazon and most smaller sellers.

The report provides many holiday highlights. In 2025 mobile commerce drove more than 50% of online sales during the Christmas shopping season for the first time. Buy-now-pay-later loans hit a milestone, reaching $20 billion in online spending, up 9.9%.

Thus given the overall holiday sales activity, why focus on AI at all? The answer is because AI’s impact will likely be massive. Salesforce, for example, reported that AI influenced 20% of U.S. Christmas retail sales in 2025.

Vivek Pandya, lead analyst at Adobe Digital Insights, stated, “This 2025 holiday season, consumers embraced generative AI more than ever as a shopping assistant in their purchasing decisions.”

Image from Salesforce of a male and female holiday shopper

According to Salesforce, AI influenced 20% of U.S. Christmas retail sales in 2025. Image: Salesforce.

The Caveat

Adobe reported a striking 693% increase in AI-driven holiday traffic to ecommerce sites in 2025. But the report does not provide the baseline volume, AI’s share of total referrals, or AI’s share of total revenue.

That omission matters. Growth off a small baseline can produce dramatic percentages. Adobe itself reported a much larger jump — roughly 1,300% — for AI traffic during the 2024 holiday season.

The takeaway is not that AI drove the 2025 holiday season. It did not. But AI-related shopping is rising quickly enough to warrant attention, even if the raw totals remain small for now.

Zero Click Risk

AI’s direct ecommerce value is difficult to quantify today, but merchants can learn from industries where AI discovery is having an impact.

Consider digital publishing. In September 2025, Penske Media — owner of Rolling Stone, Billboard, Variety, and other outlets — sued Google, arguing that AI Overviews used Penske’s content while reducing click-through traffic and revenue. Penske’s affiliate revenue was allegedly down by more than a third from peak levels. Traffic to its websites had halved.

The case highlights a critical shift: AI-driven discovery does not always result in traffic.

In the traditional search pattern, users click links. In AI search, users often get what they need directly on the results page. It is the same “zero-click” dynamic publishers have dealt with for years. AI answers now amplify this impact.

Ecommerce may be heading in a similar direction. Even if AI referrals remain small, AI systems may increasingly influence purchase decisions without always sending shoppers to a retailer’s website.

AI Traffic

AI-driven store visitors may behave differently from shoppers arriving via traditional channels, and Adobe’s holiday data offers a few early clues.

One notable change is device usage. Some 73.4% of AI referrals came from desktop devices, even as mobile accounted for most overall ecommerce transactions.

At least for now, AI chat interfaces and search tools are often more usable on larger screens. Long-form responses, product comparisons, and multi-step research fit naturally into desktop workflows. Consumers may be comfortable researching with AI on a desktop and completing purchases on mobile.

Category patterns reinforce that behavior. AI referrals were most common in product groups where research and comparison matter, such as electronics, toys, appliances, video games, and personal care. These are not necessarily impulse buys. They benefit from explanation, differentiation, and context, all of which are strengths of AI answer engines.

There is also a reasonable theory that AI-referred shoppers are more qualified. A consumer who clicks after querying an AI assistant may have narrowed her choices. But AI interfaces and ads may alter what answer engines recommend, how they compare products, and which merchants appear.

Essentially, AI traffic patterns are still forming, attribution remains murky, and performance may swing quickly. It is worth monitoring, not overreacting.

What to Do

The Adobe and Salesforce data reinforce what many merchants already sense. Product discovery is changing, and AI may become a bigger part of it. Small-to-midsize merchants can respond without betting the business on speculative numbers.

Use platforms. The single best AI-commerce move for many SMB sellers is to use what their ecommerce platforms provide.

Shopify, for example, announced AI discovery integrations that pass structured product data directly to AI systems and support purchases inside chat and AI commerce experiences.

For merchants, that means AI readiness may increasingly be operational: maintain a “clean” product catalog with accurate attributes and structured product data so platforms can access and distribute it properly.

Use marketplaces. Marketplaces will likely become even more important in an AI-mediated shopping environment.

Amazon, Walmart, and similar marketplaces have the data and the scale to integrate AI shopping assistants. Merchants who sell in these channels can expect AI-powered recommendations to amplify the importance of quality product data, accurate inventory, and positive reviews.

Use ads. Paid acquisition has long been a reliable traffic source for online merchants. The reliance could increase in an AI era, particularly if organic discovery becomes less predictable.

Ads are already appearing in AI chat experiences. Merchants can garner at least some AI-driven recommendations and purchases from paid placements, sponsored suggestions, or marketplace advertising.

Measure carefully. AI discovery adds tracking ambiguity. Merchants should ensure analytics capture as much detail as possible in referral sources, landing page engagement, and conversion paths, even if AI traffic is small.

Keep optimizing. Finally, merchants should not give up on optimization.

The goal is to extend traditional search engine optimization techniques to AI. Setting aside the muddy definitions of SEO, GEO (generative engine optimization), and AEO (answer engine optimization), the desired outcome is the same. When shoppers ask, “Which air fryer is best for a family?” or “What toy is right for a seven-year-old?” the stores that provide the best answers for AI will be more likely to appear in the results.

Strong SEO practices carry over well. Clean product catalogs, accurate attributes, structured data, clear descriptions, and buyer-focused content marketing can help AI answer engines and ecommerce platforms understand a store’s goods.

Optimizing for AI commerce, then, is less about chasing new tactics and more about feeding platforms and AI systems better data.

2025 Top 25: Our Most Popular Posts

George W. Bush had just begun his second presidential term when we launched Practical Ecommerce in mid-2005. An innovative ecommerce platform (requiring no software downloads!) would soon debut in Canada. The founders, former snowboard sellers, called it Shopify.

Like many of you, we’ve experienced the rise of cloud computing, social media, logistics, and marketplaces, but nothing compares to the disruption of artificial intelligence. Apparently, our audience agrees.

We published roughly 300 articles in 2025. Of the 25 most read, 17 addressed AI.

Having completed our 20th year, I’m grateful. Grateful for being part of a progressive industry. Grateful to our advertisers, our colleagues. Grateful to our contributors — the genius of Armando Roggio, the great Ann Smarty, screenwriter-turned-reporter Sig Ueland, entrepreneur Eric Bandholz, ad guru Matt Umbro, so many more.

I’m grateful to Joy, my accountant and co-owner wife who manages all financial aspects of this business. Never have I labored over payroll, payables, tax returns, financial statements, banks. Joy does all of that and more.

Finally, I’m grateful to our readers. Without you, there is no Practical Ecommerce.

Top 25 in 2025

How to Beat Amazon at SEO

Ted Kubaitis once feared competing against the ecommerce giant for organic rankings. Then an epiphany hit. Read more >

Did Google Just Prevent Rank Tracking?

Search bots and AI crawlers can no longer generate 100 listings per page. It’s a telling change by Google. Read more >

Google-Criteo Deal Unlocks Retail Media

Retail media advertisers can now run placements on enterprise ecommerce sites via Google’s Search Ads 360 platform, upending the digital retail media market. Read more >

Get Your Products on ChatGPT Shopping

ChatGPT recommends products directly in search results for prompts with clear purchase intent. Read more >

ChatGPT Shopping Is Coming

ChatGPT’s JavaScript now includes Shopify variable names, fueling speculation of an AI-powered shopping launch. Read more >

Regex in GSC Reveals ChatGPT Searches

Search Console reports AI-bot queries as if they’re human. Here’s how to isolate the bots from real people. Read more >

The Pricing Strategy of Temu Sellers

Temu sellers show massive discounts to boost perceived savings and win customers. Read more >

How to Track ChatGPT Traffic in GA4

Traffic from ChatGPT is a low-volume but often the most engaging referral source, even more than organic search. Read more >

How to Extract ChatGPT’s Fan-Out Queries

Knowing the fan-out queries associated with an initial prompt helps publishers understand the platform’s interpretations and priorities. Read more >

AI Prompts for Better Product Descriptions

The best AI-generated product descriptions come from skilled prompting. Read more >

Better ‘Welcome’ Emails for Ecommerce

Done well, welcome emails drive revenue and long-term customers. Read more >

Ecommerce after De Minimis Tariff Exemption

What began as a convenience rule in the 1930s grew into a key component of global ecommerce. Read more >

SEO for Google’s AI Fan-Out Results

Google’s new AI Mode delivers “query fan out” search results. The term is new, but the concept is not. Read more >

Brand Visibility Is the New SEO

Search engines drive brand discovery for genAI platforms and research for humans. Read more >

How Google’s Web Guide Helps SEO

The new Google Labs experiment uses AI to organize a user’s search results. It’s also handy for SEO. Read more >

SEO for AI Mode, per Google

Google’s new post on optimizing content for AI answers offers few new tactics but does hint at the future of organic search traffic. Read more >

Control AI Answers about Your Brand

Search engine optimization has shifted from traditional organic rankings to AI-generated citations. Read more >

11 Books on Jeff Bezos and the Rise of Amazon

In just 30 years, Jeff Bezos’s company upended entire industries. How did he do it? Read more >

The Post-Traffic SEO Shift

Brand mentions, entity recognition, and problem-solving now matter more than keywords and rankings. Read more >

GEO for ChatGPT Instant Checkout

Generative engine optimization relies on context, not just product data. Read more >

Visa’s VAMP Could Cost Banks and Merchants

The new framework could detect four times more fraud, Visa claims, saving $2.5 billion annually. Read more >

Google’s Index Now Powers ChatGPT

ChatGPT does not maintain an index of global websites, instead relying initially on Bing’s index and now, apparently, on Google’s. Read more >

AI Shopping Tools Threaten Affiliates

Shoppers who ask AI for product recommendations bypass traditional review sites, potentially causing lost or unattributed traffic from affiliates. Read more >

Ecommerce SMBs Need Faceless Videos

Videos are an excellent way to showcase products and convert shoppers. Thanks to ever-improving AI, they are relatively easy to produce. Read more >

Is GEO the Same as SEO?

Optimizing for generative AI is different from traditional search engines. The distinction lies in the underlying technology. Read more >

The Good, Bad, and Ugly of 2025

I talk a lot on the podcast about business, growth, and solving problems, but at some point it’s worth stepping back to ask why we’re doing any of this in the first place.

This recap is about Beardbrand (my company) and our 2025 performance: What worked, what didn’t, what was painful, and what made it all worth it.

It’s also a reminder to take stock of your own priorities — how you’re allocating your time, energy, and attention — and whether they align with the life you’re trying to build.

The Good

Longtime listeners know that 2023 and 2024 were extremely challenging for me personally and for Beardbrand. We lost a lot of money in 2023 and less, but still meaningful, in 2024. The good news is that in 2025, we became profitable again.

Looking back, our conservative financial strategy before things turned bad helped us survive. It allowed us to withstand rapid market changes and support our staff for as long as possible. That discipline helped us weather the storm.

From a growth standpoint, subscriptions have been a major win. At our lowest point, we had roughly 1,500 subscriptions. We made a focused effort to rebuild, and recently we surpassed 11,000 active subscriptions. Hitting 10,000-plus gives us predictable revenue and long-term stability. Churn has remained low, and we’re still adding members weekly, which is encouraging.

Another big win was finding the right fulfillment partner. After two moves — including one near our manufacturer that didn’t work out — we landed on a small Austin-based provider. The staff offers white-glove service, takes responsibility when issues arise, and aligns with the customer experience we want to deliver. Plus, being local helps. We can visit, meet the team, and fine-tune packaging and shipping costs.

Manufacturing has also improved. Finding the right manufacturing partner is a Goldilocks problem — not too big, not too small, just right. One of our supplier-partners discovered us through this podcast. They’ve allowed us to keep inventory lean, place smaller, more frequent orders, and maintain quality. That’s reduced customer complaints, lowered stress, and helped us avoid unsellable inventory — a major contributor to losses in prior years.

Engagement with customers has improved as we let them vote on which limited-edition fragrance would become permanent.

Another win — we subleased our oversized office, a costly remnant from when our team size was at its peak, easing a significant financial burden until the lease ends in 2026.

The Bad

The biggest hurdle is that the beard care industry has shifted from a blue to a red ocean. A blue ocean is wide open — lots of opportunity, little competition. Today, beard care feels saturated and stagnant.

I see this in search data. Terms like “how to grow a beard,” “beard oil,” and “beard balm” are flat or declining. Meanwhile, other personal care categories such as shampoo, bar soap, and cologne continue to grow. When I look at Beardbrand and our top competitors, we’re all flat or down.

One way to resume growth is with organic content. We’ve had content hits and misses, but we haven’t reliably delivered the quality and volume I want. If we fix it, we can deepen relationships with our audience and stand out again.

Paid media has also been frustrating. Like many brands, we haven’t cracked Meta at scale. We’ll find an ad that works, get excited, then watch it fall flat days later. We’ve hovered around $30,000 a month in spend without breaking through. We recently started integrating more data-driven decision-making.

I expected revenue to grow in 2025 after fixing problems from 2023 and 2024. That didn’t happen. We likely won’t beat last year’s numbers, which forced us to make painful staffing cuts — letting go of two long-tenured, incredible team members. That was one of the hardest decisions I’ve had to make.

Amazon sales have also regressed. We’ve worked with the same agency for three years, and while they’ve done good work, it feels like we’ve plateaued. We’re planning to switch partners.

The Ugly

Overall, 2025 was fairly stress-free, which I’ll gladly take. The biggest issue was that we got sued again. This one came from a patent troll.

Patent lawsuits are very different from the Americans with Disabilities Act lawsuit, which we chose to fight. We had invested heavily in making our site accessible for people with disabilities, including those with vision impairments, and ultimately, we were able to get that case dismissed.

Patent cases are another story. The financial risk of fighting is much higher. Defending the ADA lawsuit cost roughly the same as a settlement. Given where Beardbrand was after multiple years of losses, I swallowed my pride and settled.

What made the decision easier is that, once settled, a patent holder cannot sue again for the same alleged infringement. Another party would need to hold the same patent, which is unlikely. I feel at peace with the choice. The direct-to-consumer community on X was also incredibly helpful, connecting us with a great attorney, which made the process smoother.

Hopefully, that’s the last lawsuit for a while. We’re doing everything we can to protect ourselves — updated privacy policies, cookie consent for pixel tracking in applicable states, and ongoing ADA audits.

Personal Wins and Losses

One of my goals for 2026 is to return to a “profit first” mindset — building a business that’s profitable while also supporting my personal life. Over the past few years, I’ve pulled from savings to maintain our standard of living. I’m grateful I had that cushion, but I don’t want it to be the norm.

The highlight of 2025 was a trip to Japan with my 12-year-old daughter. Travel is something we both love, and it gave us a shared experience during a fleeting stage of life. This trip felt meaningful for her and me as she grows into her own independence. I’m incredibly pleased we did it.

Health-wise, it’s been a good year. I’m rowing again, lifting consistently, and I avoided major injuries. My wife and kids have been healthy, which I never take for granted.

I’m also profoundly grateful for my friends — in Austin, online, and the broader D2C community — who’ve helped me navigate challenging moments.

There was a personal loss, however. My wife and I transferred our final IVF embryo, and it wasn’t successful. That chapter is now closed after more than a decade of infertility and loss. I share this because many are going through similar struggles. You’re not alone.