DOJ’s Google Search Trial: What If Google Must Sell Chrome? via @sejournal, @MattGSouthern

The next phase of the DOJ’s antitrust case against Google started Monday. Both sides presented different views on the future of search and AI.

This follows Judge Amit Mehta’s ruling last year that Google illegally kept its dominance by making exclusive deals with device makers.

DOJ Wants Major Changes to Break Google’s Control

Assistant Attorney General Gail Slater made the government’s position clear:

“Each generation has called for the DOJ to challenge a behemoth that crushed competition. In the past, it was Standard Oil and AT&T. Today’s behemoth is Google.”

The Justice Department wants several changes, including:

  • Making Google sell the Chrome browser
  • Ending exclusive search deals with Apple and Samsung
  • Forcing Google to share search results with competitors
  • Limiting Google’s AI deals
  • Possibly selling off Android if other changes don’t work

DOJ attorney David Dahlquist stated that the court needs to look ahead to prevent Google from expanding its search power into AI. He revealed that Google pays Samsung a monthly sum to install Gemini AI on its devices.

Dahlquist said:

“Now is the time to tell Google and all other monopolists that there are consequences when you break the antitrust laws.”

Google Says These Ideas Would Hurt Innovation

Google disagrees with the DOJ’s plans. Attorney John Schmidtlein called them “a wishlist for competitors looking to get the benefits of Google’s extraordinary innovations.”

In a blog post before the trial, Google VP Lee-Anne Mulholland warned the changes would:

“DOJ’s proposal would also hamstring how we develop AI and have a government committee regulate our products. That would hold back American innovation when we’re in a race with China for technology leadership.”

Google also claims that sharing search data would risk user privacy. They say ending distribution deals would make devices more expensive and hurt companies like Mozilla.

Perplexity Suggests “Choice” as Better Solution

AI search startup Perplexity offers a middle-ground approach.

CEO Aravind Srinivas doesn’t support forcing Google to sell Chrome, posting:

“We don’t believe anyone else can run a browser at that scale without a hit on quality.”

Instead, Perplexity focuses on Android’s restrictive environment. In a blog post called “Choice is the Remedy,” the company argues:

“Google stays dominant by paying to force a subpar experience on consumers–not by building better products.”

Perplexity wants to separate Android from the requirements to include all Google apps. They also want to end penalties for carriers that offer alternatives.

AI Competition Takes Center Stage

The trial shows how important AI has become to search competition. OpenAI’s ChatGPT product head, Nick Turley, will testify Tuesday, highlighting how traditional search and AI are now connected.

The DOJ argues that Google’s search monopoly enhances its AI products, which then direct users back to Google search, creating a cycle that stifles competition.

What’s Next?

The trial is expected to last several weeks, with testimony from representatives of Mozilla, Verizon, and Apple. Google plans to appeal after the final judgment.

This case represents the most significant tech antitrust action since Microsoft in the late 1990s. It shows that both political parties are serious about addressing the market power of Big Tech. Slater notes that the case was “filed during President Trump’s first term and litigated across three administrations.”


Featured Image: Muhammad khoidir/Shutterstock

Google Ads 2024 Safety Report Unveils AI Protections via @sejournal, @brookeosmundson

Google has released its 2024 Ads Safety Report, and the message is clear: accountability is scaling fast thanks to AI.

With billions of ads removed and millions of accounts suspended, the report paints a picture of an advertising ecosystem under tighter scrutiny than ever.

For marketers, especially those managing significant media budgets, these shifts aren’t just background noise.

They directly impact strategy, spend efficiency, and brand safety. Here’s a closer look at the biggest takeaways and how marketers should respond.

A Record-Setting Year in Ad Removals and Account Suspensions

Google removed 5.1 billion ads in 2024, up slightly from the previous year.

The real eye-opener was the surge in account suspensions. Over 39 million advertiser accounts were shut down, more than triple the number from 2023.

That figure tells us two things:

  • Enforcement is no longer just about the ads themselves.
  • Google is focusing upstream, stopping abuse at the account level before it can scale.

In addition to individual ad removals, 9.1 billion ads were restricted (meaning they were limited in where and how they could serve). Google also took action on over 1.3 billion publisher pages and issued site-level enforcements across 220,000 sites in the ad network.

Whether you’re running Search, Display, or YouTube campaigns, this scale of enforcement can influence delivery, reach, and trust signals in subtle ways.

AI is Doing the Heavy Lifting

The scale of these removals wouldn’t be possible without automation. In 2024, Google leaned heavily on AI, introducing over 50 improvements to its large language models (LLMs) for ad safety.

One notable example: Google is now using AI to detect patterns in illegitimate payment information during account setup. This enables enforcement to occur before an ad even goes live.

And as concerns around deepfakes and impersonation scams continue to grow, Google formed a specialized team to target AI-generated fraud. They focused on content that mimicked public figures, brands, and voices.

The result? Over 700,000 advertiser accounts were permanently disabled under updated misrepresentation rules, and reports of impersonation scams dropped by 90%.

AI isn’t just a marketing tool anymore. It’s a core part of how ad platforms decide what gets to run.

A Shift in Ad Policy That Marketer’s Shouldn’t Overlook

One of the more under-the-radar updates was a policy change made in April 2025 to Google’s long-standing Unfair Advantage rules.

Previously, the policy limited a single advertiser from having more than one ad appear in a given results page auction. But the update now allows the same brand to serve multiple ads on the same search page, as long as they appear in different placements.

This creates both opportunity and risk. Larger brands with multiple Google Ads accounts or aggressive agency strategies can now gain more real estate.

For smaller brands or advertisers with limited budgets, this may lead to increased competition for top spots and inflated CPCs.

Even though this change is meant to address transparency and competition, it could cause performance swings in high-intent keyword auctions.

It’s the kind of change that may not be immediately obvious in your dashboard but can quietly reshape performance over time.

What Advertisers Should Keep in Mind Moving Forward

Staying compliant isn’t just about avoiding policy violations.

It’s now about being proactive with AI and understanding how enforcement impacts delivery.

Here are a few ways to stay ahead:

1. Know your ad strength tools, but don’t rely on them blindly

AI is behind many of Google’s enforcement and performance scoring systems, including Ad Strength and Asset Diagnostics. These are helpful tools, but they’re not guarantees of policy compliance.

Always cross-check new ad formats or copy variants against the most recent policy updates.

2. Double-check account structures if you’re running multiple brands or regions.

With the rise in multi-account suspensions, it’s more important than ever to document relationships between brands, resellers, and advertisers.

Google’s systems are increasingly adept at pattern recognition, and even unintentional overlap could flag your account.

3. Be careful with impersonation-style creative or influencer tie-ins

If you’re featuring people in ads (especially public figures), ensure that the usage rights are clear.

AI-generated content that resembles celebrities or influencers, even if satirical, could trip enforcement filters.

When in doubt, opt for original or clearly branded creative.

4. Review how recent policy changes could affect your real estate in search results

Marketers should test how often their brand appears on a single search page now that the Unfair Advantage update allows more flexibility.

Use tools like Ad Preview and multi-account diagnostics to understand if your visibility is shifting.

Wrapping It Up

Google’s latest Ads Safety Report is a reminder that digital advertising is becoming more regulated, more automated, and more tied to platform-defined trust.

Google’s tolerance for risk is dropping fast. And enforcement isn’t just about bad actors anymore. It’s about building an ecosystem where consumers trust what they see.

Marketers who pay attention to these shifts, stay flexible, and put transparency front and center will be in a stronger position. Those who assume “business as usual” are more at risk to be caught off guard.

Don’t wait for a suspension notice to rethink your ads strategy.

Have you noticed any account changes as a result of Google’s ad safety updates?

AI Overviews Glitch May Hint at Google’s Algorithm via @sejournal, @martinibuster

A glitch in Google’s AI Overviews may inadvertently expose how Google’s algorithm understands search queries and chooses answers. Bugs in Google Search are useful to examine because they may expose parts of Google’s algorithms that are normally unseen.

AI-Splaining?

Lily Ray re-posted a tweet that showed how typing nonsense phrases into Google results in a wrong answer where AI Overviews essentially makes up an answer. She called it AI-Splaining.

User Darth Autocrat (Lyndon NA) responded:

“It shows how G have broken from “search”.

It’s not “finding relevant” or “finding similar”, it’s literally making stuff up, which means G are not

a) A search engine
b) An answer engine
c) A recommendation engine they are now
d) A potentially harmful joke”

Google has a long history of search bugs but this is different because there’s an LLM summarizing answers based on grounding data (web, knowledge graph, etc.) and the LLM itself. So, the search marketer known as Darth Autocrat has a point that this Google search bug is in an entirely different level than anything that has been seen before.

Yet there’s one thing that remains the same and that is that search bugs represent an opportunity to see something that’s going on behind the search box that isn’t normally viewable.

AI Bug Is Not Limited To Google AIO

What I think is happening is that Google’s systems are parsing the words to understand what the user means. So in the case where a user query is vague, I think that the LLM will decide what the user is asking based on several likely meanings, like a decision tree in machine learning where a machine will map out likely meanings, remove out the branches that are least likely and predict the likely meaning.

I was reading a patent that Google recently filed that’s on a related theme, where an AI tries to guess what a user means by guiding a user through a decision tree and then storing that information for future interactions with them or with others. This patent, Real-Time Micro-Profile Generation Using a Dynamic Tree Structure, is for AI voice assistants, but it gives an idea of how an AI will try to guess what a user means and then proceed.

So I tested Google, ChatGPT and Claude and discovered that all three make similar mistakes of inferring what a user’s query means and confidently providing a wrong answer.

The sample question was:

What is the parallel puppy fishing technique for striped bass?

There is no such thing as a “parallel puppy fishing technique” but there is a technique called “walking the dog” and there is another technique where an angler in a kayak or a boat will cast parallel to the shore or some other structure.

AI Overviews (AIO)

AIO confidently offered a hallucinated response that is incorrect because it assumed that the user was confusing multiple actual fishing tactics so it blended multiple tactics and fishing lures to invent a non-existent tactic.

AI Overviews gave the following wrong answer:

“The “parallel puppy” technique for striped bass involves a specific retrieve method for topwater plugs, often referred to as “walking the dog”. It’s characterized by a zig-zagging motion imparted to the lure by sweeping the rod side to side, often while maintaining it parallel to the water. This action mimics a wounded baitfish, which can be highly attractive to striped bass.”

Screenshot Of AIO’s Hallucinated Answer

ChatGPT 4o

ChatGPT made the same mistake that Google’s AIO did and hallucinated a complex fishing tactic.

ChatGPT gave the following wrong answer:

“The parallel puppy fishing technique for striped bass is a specialized casting and retrieval method often used when targeting striped bass in shallow water near shoreline structure like jetties, sod banks, or rocky points.

Here’s a breakdown of what it typically involves:

What it is:
“Parallel” refers to casting your lure or bait parallel to the shoreline, rather than out into deeper water.

“Puppy” is often a nickname for small soft plastics, swimbaits, or small-profile plugs, typically in the 3″ to 5″ range—mimicking juvenile baitfish”.

That last sentence is interesting because it’s completely wrong, there are no style of lures that are nicknamed “puppy” but there is a technique called walking the dog.”

Screenshot Of ChatGPT’s Incorrect Answer

Anthropic Claude

Anthropic Claude, using the latest 3.7 Sonnet model, provided a correct answer. It correctly said it didn’t recognize a “legitimate fishing technique” with the provided name and then moved on with the presumption that the user wants to learn striped bass fishing tactics and provides a list of techniques from which a user can select a topic as a follow-up question.

Screenshot Of Anthropic Claude’s Correct Answer

Google Gemini Pro 2.5

Lastly I queried Google Gemini, using the latest Pro 2.5 model. Gemini also offered a correct answer plus a decision tree output that enables a user to decide:

A. That they are misunderstanding fishing tactics

B. Referring to a highly localized tactic

C. Is combining multiple fishing tactics

D. Or is confusing a tactic for another species of fish.

Screenshot of Correct Gemini Pro 2.5 Answer

What’s interesting about that decision tree, which resembles the decision tree approach in the unrelated Google patent, is that those possibilities kind of reflect what Google’s AI Overviews LLM and ChatGPT may have considered when trying to answer the question. They both may have selected from a decision tree and chosen option C, that the user is combining fishing tactics and based their answers on that.

Both Claude and Gemini were confident enough to select option E, that the user doesn’t know what they’re talking about and resorted to a decision tree to guide the user into selecting the right answer.

What Does This Mean About AI Overviews (AIO)?

Google recently announced it’s rolling out Gemini 2.0 for advanced math, coding, and multimodal queries but the hallucinations in AIO suggest that the model Google is using to answer text queries may be inferior to Gemini 2.5.

That’s probably what is happening with gibberish queries and like I said, it offers an interesting insight to how Google AIO actually works.

Featured Image by Shutterstock/Slladkaya

SEOFOMO Survey Shows How Ecommerce SEOs Use AI In 2025 via @sejournal, @martinibuster

Aleyda Solis’ SEOFOMO published a survey of ecommerce owners and SEOs that indicates a wide range of uses of AI, reflecting popular SEO tactics and novel ways to increase productivity, but also reveals that a significant number of the respondents have yet to fully adopt the technology because they are still figuring out how it best fits into their workflow. Very few of the survey respondents said they were not considering AI.

The survey responses showed that there are five popular category uses for AI:

  1. Content
  2. Analysis & Research
  3. Technical SEO
  4. User Experience & Conversion Rate Optimization
  5. Generate Client Documentation, Education & Learning

Content Creation

The survey respondents used AI for important reasons like product listing and descriptions, as well as for scaling meta descriptions, titles, and alt text. Other uses include creating content outlines, grammar checks and other assistive uses of AI.

But some also used it for blog content, landing pages, and for generating FAQ content. There’s no details of how extensively AI was used for blog content but a case could be made against using it for fully generating main content with AI (if that’s how some people are using it) because of Google’s recent cautionary guidance about extensive use of AI for main content.
Google’s Danny Sullivan at the recent Search Central NYC event cautioned about low effort content lacking in originality.

The other reported uses of AI was for grammar checking and clarity which are excellent ways to use AI. Care should be used even for these purposes because AI has a style that can get injected into the content even for something as simple as checking for grammar.

Another interesting use of AI is for revising content so that it matches a company’s “brand voice” which is checking for word choices, tone, and even sentence structure.

Lastly, the ecommerce survey respondents reported using AI for brainstorming content ideas which is another excellent way to use AI.

Analysis & Research

The part about keyword analysis is interesting because the report lists keyword research and clustering as one of the uses. Clustering keywords according to similarity is a good practice because it’s somewhat repetitive and spammy to write pages of content about related things, one page for each keyword phrase when one strong page that represents the entire topic is enough.

Focusing on keywords for SEO has been around longer than Google, and even Google itself has evolved from using keywords as a way to understand content to also incorporating an understanding of queries and content as topics.This is seen in the fact that Google uses core topicality systems as part of its ranking algorithm. So it’s somewhat curious that topicality research wasn’t mentioned as one of the uses, unless keyword clustering is considered part of that. Nevertheless, data analysis is a great use of AI.

Technical SEO

Technical SEO is a fantastic application of AI because that’s all about automating repetitive SEO tasks but also for assisting on making decisions about what to do. There’s lots of ways to do this, including by uploading a set of guidelines and/or charts and asking AI to analyze for specific things. Apps like Screaming Frog allow integration with OpenAI, so it’s leaving money and time on the table to not be investigating all the ways AI can integrate with tools as well as just asking it to analyze data.https://www.screamingfrog.co.uk/seo-spider/tutorials/how-to-crawl-with-chatgpt/

For example, one of the uses reported in the survey was for generating an internal linking strategy.

User Experience (UX) & Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO)

Another way ecommerce store owners are using AI is for improving the user experience and CRO.

The survey reports:

  • “AI-powered product recommendations
  • Chatbots for product discovery or customer support
  • CRO/UX audits based on user behavior”

Training & Education

Lastly, an increasing number of the ecommerce respondents reported using AI for generating training documentation for internal use and for creating customer documentation.

The survey reports:

“Less common but growing:

  • Learning how AI tools function
  • Using AI to create training material or SEO learning resources”

Not Using AI Or Limited Use

What was surprising is the amount of SEOs that are not using AI in a meaningful way. 31% of respondents said they are not using AI but are planning to, 3% of the survey respondents were digging their heels into the ground and flatly refusing to use AI in any way, while an additional 4% answered that they weren’t sure.

That makes a full 37% that aren’t using AI in any meaningful way. Looked at another way, 31% of respondents were getting ready to adopt AI into their workflow. Many managed WordPress hosting companies are integrating AI into their WordPress builder workflow as are some WordPress builders. AI can be integrated via WordPress SEO plugins as well. Wix has already integrated AI into their customer workflow through their proprietary Astro chatbot and companies like Shopify are also planning meaningful and useful ways to integrate AI.

The SEOFOMO survey makes it clear that AI is a significant part of the SEO and ecommerce workflow. Those who don’t use AI shouldn’t feel like they have to. But if you’re unsure how to integrate it, one way to think about it is to ask: what kinds of tasks would you hand off to an intern? Those are the kinds of tasks that AI excels at, enabling one worker to produce at a level five times greater than they could without using AI.

Read the SEOFOMO in ecommerce survey results:

The SEOFOMO Ecommerce SEO in 2025 Survey Results

Featured Image by Shutterstock/tete_escape

Google Says LLMs.Txt Comparable To Keywords Meta Tag via @sejournal, @martinibuster

Google’s John Mueller answered a question about LLMs.txt, a proposed standard for showing website content to AI agents and crawlers, downplaying its usefulness and comparing it to the useless keywords meta tag, confirming the experience of others who have used it.

LLMS.txt

LLMS.txt has been compared to as a Robots.txt for large language models but that’s 100% incorrect. The main purpose of a robots.txt is to control how bots crawl a website. The proposal for LLMs.txt is not about controlling bots. That would be superfluous because a standard for that already exists with robots.txt.

The proposal for LLMs.txt is generally about showing content to LLMs with a text file that uses the markdown format so that they can consume just the main content of a web page, completely devoid of advertising and site navigation. Markdown language is a human and machine readable format that indicates headings with the pound sign (#) and lists with the minus sign (-). LLMs.txt does a few other things similar to that functionality and that’s all it’s about.

What LLMs.txt is:

  • LLMs.txt is not a way to control AI bots.
  • LLMs.txt is a way to show the main content to AI bots.
  • LLMs.txt is just a proposal and not a widely used and accepted standard.

That last part is important because it relates to what Google’s John Mueller said:

LLMs.txt Is Comparable To Keywords Meta Tag

Someone started a discussion on Reddit about LLMs.txt to ask if anyone else shared their experience that the AI bots were not checking their LLMs.txt files.

They wrote:

“I’ve submitted to my blog’s root an LLM.txt file earlier this month, but I can’t see any impact yet on my crawl logs. Just curious to know if anyone had a tracking system in place,e or just if you picked up on anything going on following the implementation.

If you haven’t implemented it yet, I am curious to hear your thoughts on that.”

One person in that discussion shared that they host over 20,000 domains and that no AI agents or bots are downloading the LLMs.txt files, only niche bots like one from BuiltWith is grabbing those files.

The commenter wrote:

“Currently host about 20k domains. Can confirm that no bots are really grabbing these apart from some niche user agents…”

John Mueller answered:

“AFAIK none of the AI services have said they’re using LLMs.TXT (and you can tell when you look at your server logs that they don’t even check for it). To me, it’s comparable to the keywords meta tag – this is what a site-owner claims their site is about … (Is the site really like that? well, you can check it. At that point, why not just check the site directly?)”

He’s right, none of the major AI services, Anthropic, OpenAI, and Google, have announced support for the proposed LLMs.txt standard. So if none of them are actually using it then what’s the point?

Mueller also raises the point that an LLMs.txt file is redundant because why use that markdown file if the original content (and structured data) have already been downloaded? A bot that uses the LLMs.txt will have to check the other content to make sure it’s not spam so why bother?

Lastly, what’s to stop a publisher or SEO from showing one set of content in LLMs.txt to spam AI agents and another set of content for users and search engines? It’s too easy to generate spam this way, essentially cloaking for LLMs.

In that regard it is very similar to the keywords meta tag that no search engine uses because it would be too sketchy to trust a site that it’s really about those keywords and search engines are better and more sophisticated nowadays about parsing the content to understand what it’s about.

Read the LinkedIn discussion here:

LLM.txt – where are we at?

Featured Image by Shutterstock/Jemastock

Google Found Guilty of Illegal Ad Tech Monopoly in Court Ruling via @sejournal, @MattGSouthern

A federal judge has ruled that Google maintained illegal monopolies in the digital advertising technology market.

In a landmark case, the Department of Justice and 17 states found Google liable for antitrust violations.

Federal Court Finds Google Violated Sherman Act

U.S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema ruled that Google illegally monopolized two key markets in digital advertising:

  • The publisher ad server market
  • The ad exchange market

The 115-page ruling (PDF link) states Google violated Section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act by “willfully acquiring and maintaining monopoly power.”

It also found that Google unlawfully tied its publisher ad server (DFP) and ad exchange (AdX) together.

Judge Brinkema wrote in the ruling:

“Plaintiffs have proven that Google possesses monopoly power in the publisher ad server for open-web display advertising market. Google’s publisher ad server DFP has a durable and ‘predominant share of the market’ that is protected by high barriers both to entry and expansion.”

Google’s Dominant Market Position

The court found that Google controlled approximately 91% of the worldwide publisher ad server market for open-web display advertising from 2018 to 2022.

In the ad exchange market, Google’s AdX handled between 54% and 65% of total transactions, roughly nine times larger than its closest competitor.

The judge cited Google’s pricing power as evidence of its monopoly. Google maintained a 20% take rate for its ad exchange services for over a decade, despite competitors charging only 10%.

The ruling states:

“Google’s ability to maintain AdX’s 20% take rate under these market conditions is further direct evidence of the firm’s sustained and substantial power.”

Illegal Tying of Services Found

A key part of the ruling focused on Google’s practice of tying its publisher ad server (DFP) to its ad exchange (AdX).

The court determined that Google effectively forced publishers to use DFP if they wanted access to real-time bidding with AdWords advertisers, a crucial feature of AdX.

Judge Brinkema wrote, quoting internal Google communications:

“By tying DFP to AdX, Google took advantage of its ‘owning the platform, the exchange, and a huge network’ of advertising demand.”

This was compared to “Goldman or Citibank own[ing] the NYSE [i.e., the New York Stock Exchange].”

Case History & State Involvement

The Department of Justice initially filed this lawsuit in January 2023, with eight states. Nine more states later joined, bringing the total to 17 states challenging Google’s practices.

Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel explained why states joined the case:

“The power that Google wields in the digital advertising space has had the effect of either pushing smaller companies out of the market or making them beholden to Google ads.”

Google has consistently denied wrongdoing. Dan Taylor, Vice President of Global Ads, stated that the DOJ’s lawsuit would “reverse years of innovation, harming the broader advertising sector.”

What This Means for Digital Marketers

This ruling has implications for the digital marketing world:

  1. For publishers: If Google must restructure its ad tech business, the decision could give publishers more control over ad inventory and potentially higher revenue shares.
  2. For advertisers: Changes to Google’s ad tech stack may lead to more transparent bidding and lower costs over time.
  3. For marketing agencies: Using a variety of ad tech providers may become more important as Google faces these challenges.

What’s Next?

Judge Brinkema has yet to decide on penalties for Google’s violations. Soon, the court will “set a briefing schedule and hearing date to determine the appropriate remedies.”

Possible penalties include forcing Google to sell parts of its ad tech business. This would dramatically change the digital advertising landscape.

This ruling signals that changes may be coming for marketers relying on Google’s integrated advertising system.

Google intends to appeal the decision, extending the legal battle for years.

From it’s newsroom on X:


Featured Image: sirtravelalot/Shutterstock

TikTok Launches Footnotes: Its Answer To X’s Community Notes via @sejournal, @MattGSouthern

TikTok is testing a new feature called “Footnotes” that adds extra information to videos on the platform.

The test will start today in the United States.

What Are TikTok Footnotes?

Footnotes let approved TikTok users add information to videos. This feature aims to make content more trustworthy.

TikTok calls this a “community-based approach” where many users help improve information quality.

Who Can Contribute Footnotes?

TikTok has rules for who can add footnotes. US users can apply now, and TikTok will also invite eligible users.

To qualify, you must:

  • Have used TikTok for more than six months
  • Be at least 18 years old
  • Have a clean record with no recent Community Guidelines violations

TikTok will slowly give more people access over the coming months. Approved users can both add footnotes and rate others’ contributions.

How The System Works

TikTok’s announcement explains that Footnotes uses a special ranking system to help people with different viewpoints find common ground.

The system lets contributors add footnotes and vote on how helpful others’ additions are. Only footnotes that enough people find helpful will be shown to everyone.

As more people write and rate footnotes on different topics, the system will get better at displaying the most valuable information.

Similar to X’s Community Notes

TikTok’s Footnotes is similar to Community Notes on X. TikTok mentions that Footnotes is “inspired by the open-sourced system that other platforms use,” which appears to reference Community Notes.

Both systems:

  • Let users add context to posts
  • Use a rating system where people with different viewpoints need to agree
  • Require contributors to meet specific standards
  • Only show notes that many users find helpful
  • Aim to improve content quality through community input rather than just relying on platform moderators

This approach to content checking is becoming popular across social media as platforms look for better ways to handle misinformation without being accused of bias.

Part of a Broader Industry Shift

TikTok’s Footnotes launch comes amid a trend in social media content moderation. Following X’s Community Notes system, Meta announced in March that it would replace its third-party fact-checking program with its own Community Notes feature.

This shift toward community-based moderation represents a major change in how platforms handle potentially misleading content. Rather than relying on centralized fact-checkers, these platforms now empower users to provide context.

The timing of these changes is notable, as they follow President Trump’s return to office and come amid ongoing regulatory scrutiny. For TikTok specifically, this move comes at a sensitive time. The company faces a June 19 deadline for its parent company, ByteDance, to divest its U.S. operations, following a 75-day extension granted by the Trump administration.

Looking Ahead

TikTok says Footnotes is still in testing. The company will gather feedback from users, contributors, and creators to improve the feature. Marketers should watch how this develops before making big strategy changes.


Featured Image: ShutterStockies/Shutterstock

Google’s New Domain Structure: What’s Next For Hreflang? via @sejournal, @MattGSouthern

Google is making a big change to its domain structure. Soon, all country-specific Google domains will redirect to Google.com.

This change ties into earlier hints that Google may rely less on hreflang markup, showing how Google is changing its approach to international search.

Google Consolidates Domain Structure

Google announced plans to phase out country-specific domains like google.fr (France), google.ca (Canada), and google.co.jp (Japan). All these will eventually redirect to Google.com.

Google says in its announcement:

“Over the years, our ability to provide a local experience has improved. In 2017, we began providing the same experience with local results for everyone using Search, whether they were using google.com or their country’s ccTLD.”

Google explained that country-level domains are no longer needed because they can now deliver locally relevant results no matter which domain you use.

Implementation Timeline

Google will roll out this change slowly over the coming months, giving users time to adjust to the new system.

While the URL in your browser will change, Google says search will still work the same way.

Google stressed that the update “won’t affect the way Search works, nor will it change how we handle obligations under national laws.”

Connection to Hreflang Evolution

This domain change seems to be part of a bigger shift in how Google handles international content.

In July, Google’s Gary Illyes hinted that they might rely less on manual hreflang tags and more on automatic language detection.

Illyes stated in a podcast:

“Ultimately, I would want less and less annotations, site annotations, and more automatically learned things.”

SEO professional Montse Cano pointed out this connection in a social media post, noting that “hreflang might actually change too due to improvements in AI.”

While no changes are confirmed, it’s something to watch for in the future.

Implications For SEO Professionals

This change affects search marketers in several ways, especially those working on international SEO:

  • Your analytics will show different referral patterns as traffic moves from country-specific domains to Google.com.
  • Along with less reliance on hreflang, website managers may have fewer technical tasks for international targeting.
  • Google seems more confident in automatically detecting the right content versions for users.
  • Users should get a more uniform experience across regions while still seeing localized results.

Next Steps

While Google is getting better at automatic detection, SEO pros should still:

  • Keep using hreflang tags until Google officially says otherwise
  • Make sure your site clearly signals language and regional targeting
  • Watch your analytics for traffic pattern changes during the transition
  • Think about how this affects SEO strategies that relied on country-specific domains

Key Takeaway

This change shows Google is more confident in understanding context, language, and user intent without needing explicit signals like separate domains.

Combined with discussions about automatic language detection, Google’s AI seems ready to handle work that once required manual setup.

SEO professionals should see this as part of search technology’s natural evolution. Stay alert to how these changes affect your international search visibility and traffic.


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LinkedIn Study Finds Adding Links Boosts Engagement By 13% via @sejournal, @MattGSouthern

A new study of over 577,000 LinkedIn posts challenges common marketing advice. It finds that posts with links get 13.57% more interactions and 4.90% more views than posts without links.

The LinkedIn study by Metricool analyzed nearly 48,000 company pages over three years. The findings give marketers solid data to rethink their LinkedIn strategies.

Link Performance Contradicts Common Advice

For years, social media experts have warned against adding links in LinkedIn posts.

Many claimed the platform would show these posts to fewer people to keep users on LinkedIn.

This new research says that’s wrong.

The data shows that about 31% of LinkedIn posts contained links to other websites. These posts consistently did better than posts without links.

Image Credit: Metricool LinkedIn Study 2025.

Content Format Performance Reveals Unexpected Winners

The study also found big differences in how content types perform.

Carousels (document posts) work best for engagement, with the highest engagement rate (45.85%) of any format. People on LinkedIn are willing to spend time clicking through multiple slides.

Polls are a missed opportunity. They make up only 0.00034% of all posts analyzed but got 206.33% more reach than average posts. Almost no one uses them, but they perform well.

Text-only posts performed worse than visual content across all metrics. Despite being common, they received the fewest interactions.

Video Content Shows Remarkable Growth

LinkedIn video content grew by 53% last year, with engagement up by 87.32%. This growth is faster than on TikTok, Reels, and YouTube.

The report states:

“Video posting may have increased by 13.77%, but the real story is in the rise of impressions (+73.39%) and views (+52.17%). Users are engaging more with video content, which indicates that LinkedIn is prioritizing this format in its algorithm.”

Industry-Specific Insights

The research broke down performance by industry. Surprisingly, sectors with smaller followings often get better engagement.

Manufacturing and utilities companies had fewer followers than education or retail companies, yet they received more engagement per post.

This challenges the idea that having more followers automatically means better results.

Practical Tips for Marketers

Based on these findings, here’s what LinkedIn marketers should do:

  • Don’t avoid links: Include links when they add value. They help, not hurt, your posts.
  • Mix up your content: Use more carousels and polls. They perform much better than other formats.
  • Send more traffic through LinkedIn: With clicks up 28.13% year-over-year, LinkedIn is better than many think for driving website traffic.
  • Be realistic about follower growth: Only 17.68% of accounts gained followers in 2024. Growing a LinkedIn following is harder than on other platforms.

Looking Ahead

The Metricool report challenges fundamental LinkedIn marketing beliefs with solid data. The most useful finding for SEO and content marketers is that adding links helps rather than hurts your posts.

Marketers should regularly test old advice against real performance data. What worked on LinkedIn in the past might not work in 2025.


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