ChatGPT Study: 1 In 4 Conversations Now Seek Information via @sejournal, @MattGSouthern

New research from OpenAI and Harvard finds that “Seeking Information” messages now account for 24% of ChatGPT conversations, up from 14% a year earlier.

This is an NBER working paper (not peer-reviewed), based on consumer ChatGPT plans only, and the study used privacy-preserving methods where no human read user messages.

The working paper analyzes a representative sample of about 1.1 million conversations from May 2024 through June 2025.

By July, ChatGPT reached more than 700 million weekly active users, sending roughly 2.5 billion messages per day, or about 18 billion per week.

What People Use ChatGPT For

The three dominant topics are Practical Guidance, Seeking Information, and Writing, which together account for about 77% of usage.

Practical Guidance remains around 29%. Writing declined from 36% to 24% over the past year. Seeking Information grew from 14% to 24%.

The authors write that Seeking Information “appears to be a very close substitute for web search.”

Asking vs. Doing

The paper classifies intent as Asking, Doing, or Expressing.

About 49% of messages are Asking, 40% are Doing, and 11% are Expressing.

Asking messages “are consistently rated as having higher quality” than the other categories, based on an automated classifier and user feedback.

Work vs. Personal Use

Non-work usage rose from 53% in June 2024 to 73% in June 2025.

At work, Writing is the top use case, representing about 40% of work-related messages. Education is a major use: 10% of all messages involve tutoring or teaching.

Coding And Companionship

Only 4.2% of messages are about computer programming, and 1.9% concern relationships or personal reflection.

Who’s Using It

The study documents rapid global adoption.

Early gender gaps have narrowed, with the share of users having typically feminine names rising from 37% in January 2024 to 52% in July 2025.

Growth in the lowest-income countries has been more than four times that of the highest-income countries.

Why This Matters

If a quarter of conversations are information-seeking, some queries that would have gone to search may go toward conversational tools.

Consider responding to this shift with content that answers questions, while adding expertise that a chatbot can’t replicate. Writing and editing account for a large share of work-related use, which aligns with how teams are already folding AI into content workflows.

Looking Ahead

ChatGPT is becoming a major destination for finding information online.

In addition to the shift toward finding info, it’s worth highlighting that 70% of ChatGPT use is personal, not professional. This means consumer habits are changing broadly.

As this technology grows, it’ll be vital to track how your audience uses AI tools and adjust your content strategy to meet them where they are.


Featured Image: Photo Agency/Shutterstock

Google Modifies Search Results Parameter, Affecting SEO Tools via @sejournal, @MattGSouthern

Google appears to have disabled or is testing the removal of the &num=100 URL parameter that shows 100 results per page.

Reports of the change began around September 10, and quickly spread through the SEO community as rank-tracking tools showed disruptions.

Google hasn’t yet issued a public statement.

What’s Happening

The &num=100 parameter has long been used to retrieve 100 results in one request.

Over the weekend, practitioners noticed that forcing 100 results often no longer works, and in earlier tests it worked only intermittently, which suggested a rollout or experiment.

@tehseoowner reported on X:

Keyword Insights wrote:

Ripple Effects On Rank-Tracking Tools

Clark and others documented tools showing missing rankings or error states as the change landed.

Some platforms’ search engine results page (SERP) screenshots and daily sensors briefly stalled or displayed data gaps.

Multiple SEO professionals saw sharp declines in desktop impressions in Google Search Console starting September 10, with average position increasing accordingly.

Clark’s analysis connects the timing of those drops to the &num=100 change. He proposes that earlier desktop impression spikes were partly inflated by bots from SEO and AI analytics tools loading pages with 100 results, which would register many more impressions than a normal 10-result page.

This is a community theory at this stage, not a confirmed Google explanation.

Re-Examining “The Great Decoupling”

Over the past year, many teams reported rising impressions without matching clicks and associated that pattern with AI Overviews.

Clark argues the &num=100 change, and the resulting tool disruptions, offer an alternate explanation for at least part of that decoupling, especially on desktop where most rank tracking happens.

This remains an interpretation until Google comments or provides new reporting filters.

What People Are Saying

Clark wrote about the shift after observing significant drops in desktop impressions across multiple accounts starting on September 10.

He wrote:

“… I’m seeing a noticeable decline in desktop impressions, resulting in a sharp increase in average position.

“This is across many accounts that I have access to and seems to have started around September 10th when the change first begun.”

Keyword Insights said:

“Google has killed the n=100 SERP parameter. Instead of 1 request for 100 SERP results, it now takes 10 requests (10x the cost). This impacts Keyword Insights’ rankings module. We’re reviewing options and will update the platform soon.”

Ryan Jones suggests:

“All of the AI tools scraping Google are going to result in the shutdown of most SEO tools. People are scraping so much, so aggressively for AI that Google is fighting back, and breaking all the SEO rank checkers and SERP scrapers in the process.”

Considerations For SEO teams

Take a closer look at recent Search Console trends.

If you noticed a spike in desktop impressions in late 2024 or early 2025 without clicks, some of those impressions may have been driven by bots. Use the week-over-week changes since September 10 as a new baseline and note any substantial changes in your reporting.

Check with your rank-tracking provider. Some tools are still working with pagination or alternative methods, while others have had gaps and are now fixing them.

Looking Ahead

Google has been reached out to for comment, but hasn’t confirmed whether this is a temporary test or a permanent shift.

Tool vendors are already adapting, and the community is reevaluating how much of the ‘great decoupling’ story stemmed from methodology rather than user behavior.

We’ll update if Google provides any guidance or if reporting changes show up in Search Console.


Featured Image: Roman Samborskyi/Shutterstock

The CMO Vs. CGO Dilemma: Why The Right Leader Is Critical For Success  via @sejournal, @dannydenhard

Unless you have been living under a rock, you would have seen or experienced the evolution of marketing in recent years; often centered around the marketing leader and the chief marketing officer (CMO) role.

The CMO role has come under fire for performance, for the lack of big bang delivery, for not moving away from vanity metrics, and often being overly defensive at the leadership table.

Marketing Leadership Is Harder Than Ever

In coaching CMOs and equivalent titles, there are several recurring themes, one of which stands out in almost all coachees: Your job as a CMO is being a company executive first and then being a department leader.

You are in the C-Suite to represent the business needs, and business needs will trump your department and team needs, often going against how you are wired.

The business needs and the department needs shouldn’t be different. However, they are often at odds, especially when you, as the leader, haven’t placed the right guardrails; what often occurs is that you have followed poorly thought-through goals, key performance indicators (KPIs), and enabled disconnected objectives and key results (OKRs).

In other scenarios, the CMO role is being removed and not replaced, and the CMO title is removed. Repeatedly being replaced with VP, director, or “head of” titles, often resulting in the marketing leader not being in the C-Suite and regularly reporting one to two steps removed from the CEO.

Enter The Chief Growth Officer (CGO)

There are often reasons why there is a rebrand or title change within the C-Suite:

  • It is deliberate, changing the internal comms of the role. It demonstrates that, as a business, you are moving from marketing to growth or from old to new.
  • The removal of the previous CMO and legal requirements will dictate a change in title or a shift in job and description of the role.
  • If you work at a startup, it is often evolving the narrative with investors, which often helps frame previous struggles and drives the message that you are concentrating on growth.
  • There is also a showing of intent to the industry, often sending out press releases to show you are moving towards growth.

The Difference Between Marketing & Growth

The truth: The difference between marketing and growth setups is either negligible or a huge gulf.

Many confident marketing leaders would set up their teams in a very similar way; they would similarly set goals, but the department would work and operate in small ways.

The “Huge Gulf” Difference In Operating Includes:

  • Removing siloed teams of specialists.
  • Reducing and reframing the former way of defensive actions (Marketers have the hardest job and everyone thinks they can do marketing. Marketers have had to protect doing things that don’t scale and aren’t easily attributable).
  • Moving from not being connected to a truly cross-functional department.
  • Intentional reporting and proactively marketing more frequently and aggressively internally, which is the lost art in many marketing departments.

Like the best marketing organizations, the best growth departments are hyper-connected. They are intertwined cross-functionally, and they are pushing numbers constantly, reporting on the most important metrics and being able to tell the story of how it’s all connected. Reporting which KPI connects to which goal, how each goal connects up to the business objective, and how the brand brings performance.

Why The CGO Role Is Different

Skill Gaps

There are specific skill sets that differentiate successful CGOs from traditional CMOs – areas that often come up and stand apart marketing and growth. These include data fluency and the ability to crunch data themselves, adopting an experimentation-first mindset, being able to test, learn, and iterate as second nature, and everything CGOs do has revenue attribution baked in.

Customer Journey Ownership

Many CGOs are taking ownership of the entire customer lifecycle, and are happy to jump into product analysis and request missing product feature builds. There are many CMOs who struggle with the shift from leads and marketing qualified leads (MQLs) to customer lifetime values (CLVs).

Technology Integration

Often, CGOs have a greater understanding of tech stacks and the investment required in technical tools, and are more than comfortable working directly with product and engineering teams. Often the Achilles’ heel of CMOs.

Measurement Evolution

Growth leaders will often have sophisticated attribution models and real-time performance dashboards, focusing on performance across the board and being on top of numbers. Many CMOs can struggle with getting into the weeds of data and being able to talk confidently with the executive committee members.

External Stakeholder Management

CGOs will often have direct relationships with investors and board members, whereas “traditional CMOs” are regularly disconnected and have limited relationships with important management and investors.

Growth Department Challenges

In coaching CGOs, there are unique pressures that emerge in their sessions. The business requires its growth department to be accountable for every number and drive business performance through (almost all) marketing activities. No easy task.

The growth leader must evolve the former marketing approach into a fresh growth approach, which requires a new culture of performance, tactical refresh, a dedicated approach within teams in the department. That has to transform traditional disciplines following historical goals and tactics into the new growth approach. It’s no mean feat, especially in long-serving teams and traditional businesses.

The Long-Term Impact

Having built growth departments, holding both CMO and CGO titles, many long-term impacts are overlooked:

  • Stagnating Careers: Many team members can see their career stagnate if they are not brought onto the growth journey, and can feel because of their discipline, they are not considered a performance channel.
  • Specialist Struggles: In many marketing departments, there is a larger number of specialists and many specialists struggle with more integrated ways of working. It will be important for specialists to attempt to learn other skills and appreciate their generalist colleagues who will rely on them. Specialists are often those impacted most by the “marketing to growth” move.
  • Generalist Growth: Generalists are a crucial part of the move towards growth, often being relied upon to act as the glue and as the bridge. Generalists will need to understand the plan and connect with their specialist department colleagues, and help to shape and reshape.
  • Team Members Lost In The Transition: In any changeover, there will be team members who get lost. They will report to or through new managers, and will drift or will feel lost, and their performance will be hit. It is critical that all team members understand their plan and feel they are brought on the journey. Many middle managers are actually lost first. Ensure you keep checking in and have a plan co-created with the department lead.
  • Minding The Gap: The gap between teams can grow, and many teams can struggle to adapt to the change quickly enough. This also occurs when performance-based CGOs can overlook brand and retention teams.
  • Cultural Issues: Humans are averse to change. Now, opting out is the default, not opting in. It is on the team leads and the department head to bring everyone on the journey and make the hard decisions when members will not opt in.

The Path Forward: Lead Your Marketing Leadership Evolution

The shift from CMO to CGO isn’t just about changing titles or acting differently; it’s about fundamentally reimagining how marketing drives business growth.

For marketing leaders reading this, the question isn’t whether this evolution will happen, but how quickly you can adapt to lead the charge for departmental and business success.

Something I share in coaching is, if you’re a current CMO (or equivalent), you should step back and ask yourself the following questions:

  1. Are you already operating as a “CGO”?
  2. Are you deeply embedded in revenue conversations?
  3. Are you able to connect and drive cross-functional alignment and drive change?
  4. Do you positively obsess over business metrics that matter beyond your department?

If the answer is yes, you’re already on the right path. If not, it’s time to evolve before the decision is made above you or for you.

If this fills you with dread, then I can only be direct: You will have to learn to change your approach or get used to feeling the heat of business evolution.

For organizations considering this transition, remember that the best CGOs don’t just inherit marketing teams; they proactively transform them.

They build a culture where every team member understands their direct impact on business growth, where specialists learn to think and operate as generalists, and where the entire department becomes a revenue-generating engine rather than being considered a cost center.

Smart marketing leaders can also lead this transformation, but being able to prove they can evolve themselves and the people around them to this new way of working is critically important. A word to wise: Do not put yourself forward without knowing you are will be an essential leader in this new operating model and when it struggles you will be the leader they look to get the new system back on track.

The companies that get this transition right will see marketing finally claim its rightful seat (back) at the strategic table.

Those that don’t risk relegating their marketing function to tactical execution will see many of their competitors pull ahead with integrated growth strategies.

The choice now is yours: Evolve your marketing leadership to meet the demands of modern business, or watch as your competitors rewrite the rules of growth, while you’re struggling with metrics and influencing your business cross-functionally.

The future belongs to leaders who can bridge the gap between marketing’s art and growth’s science. The title will change and revert, but the question is: Will you be one of the modern marketing leaders, or could you be left behind?

More Resources:


Featured Image: Anton Vierietin/Shutterstock

WP Engine Vs. Automattic: Rulings Preserve WP Engine’s Lawsuit via @sejournal, @martinibuster

The judge overseeing the legal battle between WP Engine versus Automattic and Matt Mullenweg issued a ruling that fully dismissed two of WP Engine’s claims, allowed several to proceed, and gave WP Engine the chance to amend others.

Nine Claims Allowed To Proceed – One Partially Survives

Counts 1 & 2

  • Count 1: Intentional Interference with Contractual Relations
  • Count 2: Intentional Interference with Prospective Economic Advantage

Those two counts survived the motion to dismiss. That means WP Engine can try to prove that Automattic/Mullenweg interfered with its contracts and business opportunities. This shows that the judge didn’t throw out WP Engine’s entire “you’re sabotaging our business” approach. If WP Engine wins on these counts they could be eligible to receive damages.

In total, the judge’s order allowed nine claims to proceed and one to partially survive.

These are the remaining claims that survived and are allowed to proceed:

  • CFAA Unauthorized Access (Count 19):
    Tied to allegations that Automattic and Mullenweg covertly replaced WP Engine’s ACF plugin with their own SCF plugin on customer sites without authorization.
  • Unfair Competition (Count 5)
    Connected to claims that Automattic’s conduct, including unauthorized plugin replacement and trademark issues, amounted to unlawful and unfair business practices under California law.
  • Defamation (Count 9) & Trade Libel (Count 10)
    Statements on WordPress.org alleging WP Engine offered a “cheap knock-off” of WordPress and that WP Engine delivered a “bastardized simulacra of WordPress’s GPL code.”
  • Slander (Count 11):
    Based on public remarks Mullenweg made at WordCamp US and in a livestreamed interview where Mullenweg described WP Engine as “parasitic” and damaging to the open-source community.
  • Lanham Act (Count 17: Unfair Competition) & Lanham Act (Count 18: False Advertising)
    Automattic and Mullenweg filed a motion to partially dismiss these counts but the motion was not granted, so these two counts move forward.

This is the claim that partially survived:

Promissory Estoppel (Count 6)
This is based on specific promises, such as free plugin hosting on wordpress.org, which the court found definite enough to proceed, while broader statements like “everyone is welcome” were too vague to support the claim.

Two Claims Dismissed With Leave To Amend

The judge dismissed two of the claims with “leave to amend,” which means the court found an issue with how WP Engine pleaded their claims. The claims were not legally sufficient, but the judge gave WP Engine the option to update its complaint to fix the problems. If WP Engine amends successfully, those claims can return to the case.

The two claims dismissed with leave to amend are:

1. Antitrust claims of monopolization, attempted monopolization, and illegal tying (Sherman Act & Cartwright Act).

On the antitrust claims, the Court found WP Engine failed to define a relevant market, stating:

“…consumers entering the WordPress ecosystem by electing a WordPress web content management system would know they were locked-in to WordPress aftermarkets. Mullenweg’s purported deception and extortionate acts did not change that fundamental operating principle of the WordPress marketplace.”

2. CFAA extortion claim (Count 3): WP Engine alleged Automattic threatened to block wordpress.org access and demanded licensing fees.

Regarding the extortion claims, WP Engine alleged that Automattic and Mullenweg violated the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) by threatening to block WP Engine’s access to wordpress.org and demanding licensing fees.

The Court dismissed this claim with leave to amend, finding the allegations did not sufficiently establish “extortion” under CFAA standards. The judge noted that merely threatening to block access, even coupled with demands for licensing, did not meet the statutory requirements as pled. However, WP Engine has been given time to amend the complaint (“with leave to amend”).

Two Claims Fully Dismissed

Two of WP Engine’s claims were fully dismissed:

  • Count 4: Attempted Extortion (California Penal Code)
  • Count 16: Trademark Misuse

Count 4
Count 4 was dismissed because the California Penal Code allows government prosecutors to bring criminal charges for attempted extortion, but it does not give private parties like WP Engine the right to sue under that statute. The dismissal was not about whether Automattic’s conduct could be considered extortion but about whether WP Engine had the legal authority to use that law in a civil case.

Count 16
The court dismissed Count 16 because trademark misuse is only recognized as a defense, not as a lawsuit that can be filed on its own. WP Engine may still raise trademark misuse later if Automattic tries to enforce trademarks against it.

The exact wording is:

“With no authority from WPEngine that authorizes pleading declaratory judgment of trademark misuse as a standalone cause of action rather than an affirmative defense, the Court GRANTS Defendants’ motion to dismiss Count 16, without prejudice to WPEngine asserting it as an affirmative defense if appropriate later in this litigation.”

Post By Matt Mullenweg About The Ruling

Automattic CEO and WordPress co-founder posted an upbeat blog post about the court ruling that offered a simplified summary of the court order, which is fine, but simplification can leave out details. He’s right that the decision narrows the case and that the attempted extortion claim is out for good.

He wrote:

“…the court dismissed several of WP Engine and Silver Lake’s most serious claims — antitrust, monopolization, and extortion have been knocked out!”

The attempted extortion under California Penal Code (Count 4) was indeed “knocked out.” But the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) extortion claim (Count 3) was dismissed with leave to amend, meaning WP Engine has the opportunity to try again.

The antitrust and monopolization claims (Counts 12–15) were also dismissed but with leave to amend, meaning they too are not permanently gone.

His post is technically correct.

But the simplification leaves out what the judge allowed to move forward:

Automattic’s motion to dismiss Count 1 (intentional interference with contractual relations) and Count 2 (intentional interference with prospective economic relations) were denied, and both will move forward, potentially making WP Engine eligible to receive damages if they win on these counts.

Then there are the others that are moving forward:

  • CFAA (Count 19): This is significant. It alleges Automattic covertly swapped WP Engine’s widely-used ACF plugin with its own SCF plugin on customer sites without consent. The court found these allegations plausible enough to move forward
  • Unfair Competition (Count 5): Connected to claims that Automattic’s conduct, including unauthorized plugin replacement and trademark issues, amounted to unlawful and unfair business practices under California law. (The court specifically pointed to the surviving CFAA and Lanham Act claims as the legal basis for letting this proceed.)
  • Defamation (Count 9) & Trade Libel (Count 10): Based on statements on WordPress.org alleging WP Engine offered a “cheap knock-off” of WordPress and that WP Engine delivered a “bastardized simulacra of WordPress’s GPL code.”
  • Slander (Count 11): Grounded in public remarks Mullenweg made at WordCamp US and in a livestreamed interview where he described WP Engine as “parasitic” and damaging to the open-source community.
  • Lanham Act (Count 17: Unfair Competition) & Lanham Act (Count 18: False Advertising): Defendants sought partial dismissal, but the court declined. Both counts remain live and move forward.

Featured Image by Shutterstock/Kaspars Grinvalds

When Advertising Shifts To Prompts, What Should Advertisers Do? via @sejournal, @siliconvallaeys

When I last wrote about Google AI Mode, my focus was on the big differentiators: conversational prompts, memory-driven personalization, and the crucial pivot from keywords to context.

As we see with the Q2 ad platform financial results below, this shift is rapidly reshaping performance advertising. While AI Mode means Google has to rethink how it makes money, it forces us advertisers to rethink something even more fundamental: our entire strategy.

In the article about AI Mode, I laid out how prompts are different from keywords, why “synthetic keywords” are really just a temporary band-aid, and how fewer clicks might just challenge the age-old cost-per-click (CPC) revenue model.

This follow-up is about what these changes truly mean for us as advertisers, and why holding onto that keyword-era mindset could cost us our competitive edge.

The Great Rewiring Of Search

The biggest shift since we first got keyword-targeted online advertising is now in full swing. People aren’t searching with those relatively concise keywords anymore, the ones we optimized for how Google used to weigh certain words in a query.

Large language models (LLMs) have pretty much removed the shackles from the search bar. Now, users can fire off prompts with hundreds of words, and add even more context.

Think about the 400,000 token context window of GPT-5, which is like tens of thousands of words. Thankfully, most people don’t need that much space to explain what they want, but they are speaking in full sentences now, stutters and all.

Google’s internal ads in AI Mode document shares that early testers of AI Mode are asking queries that are two to three times as long as traditional searches on Google.

And thanks to LLMs’ multi-modal capabilities, users are searching with images (Google reports 20 billion Lens searches per month), drawing sketches, and even sending video. They’re finding what they need in entirely new ways.

Increasingly, users aren’t just looking for a list of what might be relevant. They expect a guided answer from the AI, one that summarizes options based on their personal preferences. People are asking AI to help them decide, not just to find.

And that fundamental change in user behavior is now reshaping the very platforms where these searches happen, starting with Google.

The Impact On Google As The Main Ads Platform

All of this definitely poses a threat to Google’s primary revenue stream. But as I mentioned in a LinkedIn post, the traffic didn’t vanish; it just moved.

Users didn’t ditch Google; they simply stopped using it the way they did when keywords were king. Plus, we’re seeing new players emerge, and search itself has fragmented:

This creates a fresh challenge for us advertisers: How do we design campaigns that actually perform when intent originates in these wildly new ways?

What Q2 Earnings Reports Told Us About AI In Search

The Q2 earnings calls were packed with GenAI details. Some of the most jaw-dropping figures involved the expected infrastructure investments.

Microsoft announced plans to spend an eye-watering $30 billion on capital expenditures in the coming quarter, and Alphabet estimated an $85 billion budget for the next year. I guess we’ll all be clicking a lot of ads to help pay for that. So, where will those ads come from when keywords are slowly being replaced by prompts?

Google shared some numbers to illustrate the scale of this shift. AI Overviews already reach 2 billion users a month. AI Mode itself is up to 100 million. The real question is, how is AI actually enabling better ads, and thus improving monetization?

Google reports:

  • Over 90 Performance Max improvements in the past year drove 10%+ more conversions and value.
  • Google’s AI Max for Search campaigns show a 27% lift in conversions or value over exact or phrase matches.

Microsoft Ads tells a similar story. In Q2 2025, it reported:

  • $13 billion in AI-related ad revenue.
  • Copilot-powered ads drove 2.3 times more conversions than traditional formats.
  • Users were 53% more likely to convert within 30 minutes.

So, what’s an advertiser to do with all this?

What Advertisers Should Do

As shared recently in a conversation with Kasim Aslam, these ecosystems are becoming intent originators. That old “search bar” is now a conversation, a screenshot, or even a voice command.

If your campaigns are still relying on waiting for someone to type a query, you’re showing up to the party late. Smart advertisers don’t just respond to intent; they predict it and position for it.

But how? Well, take a look at the Google products that are driving results for advertisers: They’re the newest AI-first offerings. Performance Max, for example, is keywordless advertising driven by feeds, creative, and audiences.

Another vital step for adapting to this shift is AI Max, which I’d call the most unrestrictive form of keyword advertising.

It blends elements of Dynamic Search Ads (DSAs), automatically created assets, and super broad keywords. This allows your ads to show up no matter how people search, even if they’re using those sprawling, multi-part prompts.

Sure, advertisers can still use today’s best practices, like reviewing search term reports and automatically created assets, then adding negatives or exclusions for the irrelevant ones. But let’s be honest, that’s a short-term, old-model approach.

As AI gains memory and contextual understanding, ads will be shown based on scenarios and user intent that isn’t even explicitly expressed.

Relying solely on negatives won’t cut it. The future demands that advertisers focus on getting involved earlier in the decision-making process and making sure the AI has all the right information to advocate for their brand.

Keywords Aren’t The Lever They Once Were

In the AI Mode era, prompts aren’t just simple queries; they’re rich, multi-turn conversations packed with context.

As I outlined in my last article, these interactions can pull in past sessions, images, and deeply personal preferences. No keyword list in the world can capture that level of nuance.

Tinuiti’s Q2 benchmark report shows Performance Max accounts for 59% of Shopping ad spend and delivers 18% higher click-through rates. This is a clear illustration that the platform is taking control of targeting.

And when structured feeds plus dynamic creative drive a 27% lift in conversions according to Google data, it’s because the creative itself is doing the targeting.

Those journeys happen out of sight, which is the biggest threat to advertisers whose strategies aren’t evolving.

The Real Danger: Invisible Decisions

One of my key takeaways from the AI Mode discussion was the risk of “zero-click” journeys. If the assistant delivers what a user needs inside the conversation, your brand might never get a visit.

According to Adobe Analytics, AI-powered referrals to U.S. retail sites grew 1,200% between July 2024 and February 2025. Traffic from these sources now doubles every 60 days.

These users:

  • Visit 12% more pages per session.
  • Bounce 23% less often.
  • Spend 45% more time browsing (especially in travel and finance verticals).

Even more importantly, 53% of users say they plan to rely on AI tools for shopping going forward.

In short, users are starting their journeys before they reach a traditional search engine, and they’re more engaged when they do. And winning in this environment means rethinking our levers for influence.

Why This Is An Opportunity, Not A Death Sentence

As I argued before, platforms aren’t killing keyword advertising; they’re evolving it. The advertisers winning now are leaning into the new levers:

Signals Over Keywords

  • Use customer relationship management (CRM) data to build high-intent audience lists.
  • Layer first-party data into automated campaign types through conversion value adjustments, audiences, or budget settings.
  • Optimize your product feed with rich attributes so AI has more to work with and knows exactly which products to recommend.
  • Ensure feed hygiene so LLMs have the most current data about your offers.
  • Enhance your website with more data for the LLMs to work with, like data tables, and schema.

Creative As Targeting

  • Build modular ad assets that AI can assemble dynamically: multiple headlines, descriptions, and images tailored to different audiences.
  • Test variations that align with different stages of the buying journey so you’re likely to show in more contextual scenarios across the entire consumer journey, not only at the end.

Measurement Beyond Clicks

  • Frequently evaluate the new metrics in Google Ads for AI Max and Performance Max. Changes are rolling out frequently, enabling smarter optimizations.
  • Track feed impression share by enabling these extra columns in Google Ads.
  • Monitor how often your products are surfaced in AI-driven recommendations, as with the recently updated AI Max report for “search terms and landing pages from AI Max.”
  • Focus your measurement on how well users are able to complete tasks, not just clicks.

The future isn’t about bidding on a query. It’s about supplying the AI with the best “raw ingredients” so you win the recommendation at the exact moment of decision.

That mindset shift is the real competitive advantage in the AI-first era.

The Bottom Line

My previous AI Mode post was about the mechanics of the shift. This one is about the mindset change required to survive it.

Keywords aren’t vanishing, but their role is shrinking fast. In an AI-driven, context-first search landscape, the brands that thrive will stop obsessing over what the user types and start shaping what the AI recommends.

If you can win that moment, you won’t just get found. You’ll get chosen.

More Resources:


Featured Image: Smile Studio AP/Shutterstock

When AI gets your brand wrong: Real examples and how to fix it

We’ve all asked a chatbot about a company’s services and seen it respond inaccurately, right? These errors aren’t just annoying; they can seriously hurt a business. AI misrepresentation is real. LLMs could provide users with outdated information, or a virtual assistant might provide false information in your name. Your brand could be at stake. Find out how AI misrepresents brands and what you can do to prevent them.

Table of contents

How does AI misrepresentation work?

AI misrepresentation occurs when chatbots and large language models distort a brand’s message or identity. This could happen when these AI systems find and use outdated or incomplete data. As a result, they show incorrect information, which leads to errors and confusion.

It’s not hard to imagine a virtual assistant providing incorrect product details because it was trained on old data. It might seem like a minor issue, but incidents like this can quickly lead to reputation issues.

Many factors lead to these inaccuracies. Of course, the most important one is outdated information. AI systems use data that might not always reflect the latest changes in a business’s offerings or policy changes. When systems use that old data and return it to potential customers, it can lead to a serious disconnect between the two. Such incidents frustrate customers.

It’s not just outdated data; a lack of structured data on sites also plays a role. Search engines and AI technology like clear, easy-to-find, and understandable information that supports brands. Without solid data, an AI might misrepresent brands or fail to keep up with changes. Schema markup is one option to help systems understand content and ensure it is properly represented.

Next up is consistency in branding. If your brand messaging is all over the place, this could confuse AI systems. The clearer you are, the better. Inconsistent messaging confuses AI and your customers, so it’s important to be consistent with your brand message on various platforms and outlets.

Different AI brand challenges

There are various ways AI failures can impact brands. AI tools and large language models collect information from sources and present it to build a representation of your brand. That means they can misrepresent your brand when the information they use is outdated or plain wrong. These errors can lead to a real disconnect between reality and what users see in the LLMs. It could also be that your brand doesn’t appear in AI search engines or LLMs for the terms you need to appear.

It would hurt the ASICS brand if it weren’t mentioned in results like this

At the other end, chatbots and virtual assistants talk to users directly. This is a different risk. If a chatbot gives inaccurate answers, this could lead to serious issues with users and the outside world. Since chatbots interact directly with users, inaccurate responses can quickly damage trust and harm a brand’s reputation.

Real-world examples

AI misrepresenting brands is not some far-off theory because it has an impact now. We’ve collected some real-world cases that show brands being affected by AI errors.

All of these cases show how various types of AI technology, from chatbots to LLMs, can misrepresent and thus hurt brands. The stakes can be high, ranging from misleading customers to ruining reputations. It’s good to read these examples to get a sense of how widespread these issues are. It might help you avoid similar mistakes and set up better strategies to manage your brand.

You read stories like this every week

Case 1: Air Canada’s chatbot dilemma

  • Case summary: Air Canada faced a significant issue when its AI chatbot misinformed a customer regarding bereavement fare policies. The chatbot, intended to streamline customer service, instead created confusion by providing outdated information.
  • Consequences: This erroneous advice led to the customer taking action against the airline, and a tribunal eventually ruled that Air Canada was liable for negligent misrepresentation. This case emphasized the importance of maintaining accurate, up-to-date databases for AI systems to draw upon, illustrating a major AI error in alignment between marketing and customer service that could be costly in terms of both reputation and finances.
  • Sources: Read more in Lexology and CMSWire.

Case 2: Meta & Character.AI’s deceptive AI therapists

  • Case summary: In Texas, AI chatbots, including those accessible via Meta and Character.AI, were marketed as competent therapists or psychologists, offering generic advice to children. This situation arose from AI errors in marketing and implementation.
  • Consequences: Authorities investigated the practice because they were concerned about privacy breaches and the ethical implications of promoting such sensitive services without proper oversight. The case highlights how AI can overpromise and underdeliver, causing legal challenges and reputational damage.
  • Sources: Details of the investigation can be found in The Times.

Case 3: FTC’s action on deceptive AI claims

  • Case summary: An online business was found to have falsely claimed its AI tools could enable users to earn substantial income, leading to significant financial deception.
  • Consequences: The fraudulent claims defrauded consumers by at least $25 million. This prompted legal action by the FTC and served as a stark example of how deceptive AI marketing practices can have severe legal and financial repercussions.
  • Sources: The full press release from the FTC can be found here.

Case 4: Unauthorized AI chatbots mimicking real people

  • Case summary: Character.AI faced criticism for deploying AI chatbots that mimicked real people, including deceased individuals, without consent.
  • Consequences: These actions caused emotional distress and sparked ethical debates regarding privacy violations and the boundaries of AI-driven mimicry.
  • Sources: More on this issue is covered in Wired.

Case 5: LLMs generating misleading financial predictions

  • Case summary: Large Language Models (LLMs) have occasionally produced misleading financial predictions, influencing potentially harmful investment decisions.
  • Consequences: Such errors highlight the importance of critical evaluation of AI-generated content in financial contexts, where inaccurate predictions can have wide-reaching economic impacts.
  • Sources: Find further discussion on these issues in the Promptfoo blog.

Case 6: Cursor’s AI customer support glitch

  • Case summary: Cursor, an AI-driven coding assistant by Anysphere, encountered issues when its customer support AI gave incorrect information. Users were logged out unexpectedly, and the AI incorrectly claimed it was due to a new login policy that didn’t exist. This is one of those famous hallucinations by AI.
  • Consequences: The misleading response led to cancellations and user unrest. The company’s co-founder admitted to the error on Reddit, citing a glitch. This case highlights the risks of excessive dependence on AI for customer support, stressing the need for human oversight and transparent communication.
  • Sources: For more details, see the Fortune article.

All of these cases show what AI misrepresentation can do to your brand. There is a real need to properly manage and monitor AI systems. Each example shows that it can have a big impact, from huge financial loss to spoiled reputations. Stories like these show how important it is to monitor what AI says about your brand and what it does in your name.

How to correct AI misrepresentation

It’s not easy to fix complex issues with your brand being misrepresented by AI chatbots or LLMs. If a chatbot tells a customer to do something nasty, you could be in big trouble. Legal protection should be a given, of course. Other than that, try these tips:

Use AI brand monitoring tools

Find and start using tools that monitor your brand in AI and LLMs. These tools can help you study how AI describes your brand across various platforms. They can identify inconsistencies and offer suggestions for corrections, so your brand message remains consistent and accurate at all times.

One example is Yoast SEO AI Brand Insights, which is a great tool for monitoring brand mentions in AI search engines and large language models like ChatGPT. Enter your brand name, and it will automatically run an audit. After that, you’ll get information on brand sentiment, keyword usage, and competitor performance. Yoast’s AI Visibility Score combines mentions, citations, sentiment, and rankings to form a reliable overview of your brand’s visibility in AI.

Optimize content for LLMs

Optimize your content for inclusion in LLMs. Performing well in search engines is not a guarantee that you will also perform well in large language models. Make sure that your content is easy to read and accessible for AI bots. Build up your citations and mentions online. We’ve collected more tips on how to optimize for LLMs, including using the proposed llms.txt standard.

Get professional help

If nothing else, get professional help. Like we said, if you are dealing with complex brand issues or widespread misrepresentation, you should consult with professionals. Brand consultants and SEO experts can help fix misrepresentations and strengthen your brand’s online presence. Your legal team should also be kept in the loop.

Use SEO monitoring tools

Last but not least, don’t forget to use SEO monitoring tools. It goes without saying, but you should be using SEO tools like Moz, Semrush, or Ahrefs to track how well your brand is performing in search results. These tools provide analytics on your brand’s visibility and can help identify areas where AI might need better information or where structured data might enhance search performance.

Businesses of all types should actively manage how their brand is represented in AI systems. Carefully implementing these strategies helps minimize the risks of misrepresentation. In addition, it keeps a brand’s online presence consistent and helps build a more reliable reputation online and offline.

Conclusion to AI misrepresentation

AI misrepresentation is a real challenge for brands and businesses. It could harm your reputation and lead to serious financial and legal consequences. We’ve discussed a number of options brands have to fix how they appear in AI search engines and LLMs. Brands should start by proactively monitoring how they are represented in AI.

For one, that means regularly auditing your content to prevent errors from appearing in AI. Also, you should use tools like brand monitor platforms to manage and improve how your brand appears. If something goes wrong or you need instant help, consult with a specialist or outside experts. Last but not least, always make sure that your structured data is correct and aligns with the latest changes your brand has made.

Taking these steps reduces the risks of misrepresentation and enhances your brand’s overall visibility and trustworthiness. AI is moving ever more into our lives, so it’s important to ensure your brand is represented accurately and authentically. Accuracy is very important.

Keep a close eye on your brand. Use the strategies we’ve discussed to protect it from AI misrepresentation. This will ensure that your message comes across loud and clear.

Google-Criteo Deal Unlocks Retail Media

Google is about to give agencies and advertisers access to prime retail media placements on ecommerce sites such as Best Buy, Costco, and Target.

The deal, announced on September 10, 2025, connects Google’s Search Ads 360 (SA360) platform with a network of more than 200 enterprise-level retailers via Criteo’s advertising and commerce platform.

“With Criteo’s expansive network of retailer partners, we’re helping advertisers connect with customers at a critical moment in their shopping journey,” said Bill Reardon, general manager, enterprise platform at Google, via a press release.

Digital Retail Media

Retail media is exploding. Adtelligent estimated that worldwide retail media spend would reach $145 to $165 billion in 2025, up from $59 billion in 2019.

In the United States, the market is valued at more than $60 billion and is growing at roughly 20% per year, according to various sources.

Advertisers use digital retail media primarily to promote products sold on the given retailer’s website. Thus many retail media advertisers are actually the store’s suppliers, boosting sales via the retail channel.

Digital retail media has taken off, in part, because it relies on first-party customer data and does not require intrusive cookies or complex privacy protocols.

Walled Gardens

A few “walled gardens,” i.e., closed platforms or ecosystems operated by a single company, dominate the market. Of these, Amazon is far and away the leader.

In Q2 2025, Amazon’s ad revenue reached $15.69 billion, a 23% year-over-year increase, hitting a record 9.36% of the company’s total revenue and marking it as the fastest-growing segment.

Amazon has leveraged its massive ecommerce marketplace and best-in-class shopping data. Together, these create a self-reinforcing advertising flywheel that drives conversions for advertisers and revenue for Amazon.

Good Data

Amazon’s retail media flywheel works because the company controls the entire process, from initial customer acquisition to final purchase, collecting all the behavioral data along the way. It has first-party data that is real, recent, and relevant.

Compared to third-party data, Amazon and nearly any walled-garden advertising solution will be much more effective at targeting shoppers and producing sales.

These closed ecosystems also help with measurement. Since the ads are running and converting in a walled garden, advertising attribution is easy.

Enter Google

While Amazon is the undisputed leader in digital retail media, Google is the king of digital advertising generally. The company generated approximately $71.3 billion in advertising revenue during Q2 2025, representing a 10.4% year-over-year increase.

Some $54 billion of that Q2 revenue was specific to search advertising. A significant portion of that revenue passes through the company’s SA360 platform. That demand will now connect to Criteo and its retail media network.

This deal is a significant shift for the market. In the past, Google’s retail-related advertising products, such as AI-assisted PMax or Shopping Ads, have focused on driving traffic to retail websites. The idea was that someone would query on Google search, see an ad for a relevant product, and go to the retailer to buy it.

With Criteo’s help, Google can now offer a more complete way to advertise to consumers. Its platform not only guides advertisers to retail sites, but also shoppers on those sites to specific sponsored products.

Google vs. Amazon

In a sense, the Google and Criteo deal targets Amazon’s dominance in digital retail media and walled gardens generally.

Google gains a foothold in the digital retail media market, providing SA360 advertisers with the opportunity to extend search campaigns into high-intent shopping environments, all with unified measurement and attribution.

Brands that had been using retail media now have an alternative. Rather than concentrating advertising spend in a few dominant ecosystems, the Google-Criteo integration opens access to a broader range of retail ad placements.

It opens some access to some of those walled gardens, and, as several pundits have put it, fosters competition and “democratizes” retail media.

Antitrust

While Criteo and Google had been in discussions for some time, the deal’s announcement came just days after Google survived what could have been a devastating antitrust ruling. It was also less than two weeks before a second remedy hearing.

In August 2024, a U.S. District Court found Google guilty of maintaining an illegal monopoly over the general online search and text advertising markets.

Leading up to the September 2025 remedy hearing, some observers thought that Google would be required to divest some of its products, such as the Chrome browser.

No Breakup

Instead, the court, on September 2, 2025, ruled that Google change its behavior, including:

  • Refraining from entering into exclusive search engine contracts,
  • Sharing some search data with qualified competitors.

In a separate April 2025 case, a federal judge found Google guilty of illegally monopolizing key segments of the digital advertising market. The remedy hearing for this case is scheduled for September 22, 2025.

Google’s “democratizing” deal with Criteo could be an indication to the courts that the company aims to encourage competition.